孕妇用药对胎儿发育的影响

介绍了孕妇服用常见药物对胎儿的影响。有的药物有利于胎儿的发育,也有许多药物不利于胎儿发育,有的甚至可导致胎儿畸形或死胎。提示孕妇应谨慎用药。     

产前超声联合MRI对胎儿中枢神经系统畸形的筛查价值

本文对产前超声联合核磁共振成像（MRI）筛查胎儿中枢神经系统（CNS）畸形的价值进行了分析。研究对象选取2016年1月~2019年2月本院收治的疑似胎儿CNS畸形的孕妇196例,所有孕妇均给予产前超声、MRI检查,以产后结果为对照,分析产前超声、MRI及二者联合对胎儿CNS畸形的筛查价值。结果显示,产后胎儿CNS畸形84例（42.86%）;在筛查胎儿CNS畸形方面,产前超声敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为80.95%（68/84）、76.79%（86/112）、78.57%（154/196）,产前MRI分别为88.10%（74/84）、82.14%（92/112）、84.69%（166/196）,产前超声联合MRI分别为97.62%（82/84）、94.64%（106/112）、95.92%（188/196）,产前超声联合MRI明显优于产前超声、MRI,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。产前超声与MRI比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。本文证实了产前超声、MRI对胎儿CNS畸形具有良好的筛查价值,且二者联合的筛查价值更高。     

自贡地区恐龙骨骼化石及围岩特征的研究

自贡地区恐龙化石埋藏丰富、分布广泛、保存完整,具有重要的科学价值、社会价值和经济价值。用X荧光衍射研究自贡恐龙骨骼化石及围岩元素组成,XRD结合红外光谱仪分析确定化石的矿物组成,化石切片和显微观察了解骨骼内部构造和填充物质。恐龙骨骼化石及围岩中的含钙量均较高(5%),但化石含钙量达到30%以上;化石中的含硅量较低(0.24%—1.45%),围岩中的含硅量较高(14%);化石中的含磷量为围岩的46倍以上。化石的主要化学成分是碳氟磷灰石,其次是碳酸钙;围岩的主要成分是二氧化硅。实验结果可为恐龙化石的鉴别及保护材料的研制提供理论依据。     

Applicability of initial optimal maternal and fetal electrocardiogram combination vectors to subsequent recordings

A series of experiments are conducted to confirm whether the vectors calculated for an early section of a continuous non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram （fECG） recording can be directly applied to subsequent sections in order to reduce the computation required for real-time monitoring. Our results suggest that it is generally feasible to apply the initial optimal maternal and fetal ECG combination vectors to extract the fECG and maternal ECG in subsequent recorded sections.     

Genetic Structure Analysis Khitan Noble of Human Remains from Necropolis

Ancient DNA was extracted from 13 skeletal remains from the burial groups of Khitan nobles, which were excavated in northeast China. The hypervariable segment Ⅰ sequences （ HVS Ⅰ ） of the mitochondrial DNA control region, in the 13 individuals, were used as genetic markers to determine the genetic relationships between the individuals and the genetic affinity to other interrelated populations by using the known database of mtDNA. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of these ancient DNA sequences, the genetic structures of two Khitan noble kindreds were obtained, including the Yel Yuzhi＇s kindred and the Xiao He＇s kindred. Furthermore, the relationships between the Khitan nobles and some modern interrelated populations were analyzed. On the basis of the result of the analysis, the gene flows of the ancient Khitans and their demographic expansion in history was deduced.     

胎儿肝、肾上腺微量元素的时序变化与抗氧化酶活性的关系

为探讨胎儿发育过程中组织器官抗氧化酶活性和微量元素的关系，分析了不同月龄胎儿肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量和抗氧化酶活性，并分别与月龄进行相关分析。结果表明，肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se与抗氧化酶活性之间显示有依存关系，为揭示人体胚胎微量元素与酶的关系及其分子生物学机制提供了依据。     

Reduced Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Aquaporin-1 Knockout Mice

An overt phenotype of aquaporin-1 knockout(AQP1 ko) mice is growth retardation, suggesting possible defects in bone development and metabolism. In the present study, we analyzed the bone mineral density(BMD), bone calcium and phosphorus contents, and bone metabolism in an AQP1 ko mouse model. The BMD of femurs in AQP1 ko mice was significantly lower than that of litter-matched wildtype mice as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Consistently, the contents of bone total calcium and phosphorus were also significantly lower in AQP1 ko mice. The reduced BMD caused by AQP1 deficiency mainly affect male mice. Bone metabolic activity, as indicated by 99mTc-MDP absorption measurements, was remarkably reduced in AQP1 ko mice. These results provide the first evidence that AQP1 play an important role in bone structure and metabolism.     

无线、远程对产妇血流动力学的连续监测技术的临床应用研究

探究一种创新的、无创的、反射式光体积描记术为基础的设备对产妇分娩和分娩期间血流动力学的连续监测情况。选取81例足月低风险产妇参与本研究。给产妇佩戴新型反射式PPG设备,该设备每5 s自动采集心输出量(CO)、血压(BP)、每搏输出量(SV)、全身血管阻力(SVR)、心率(HR),并将所有数据上传到基于智能手机的应用程序和数据云。使用Power BI分析工具(Microsoft)对收集的数据进行大数据分析。比较胎膜破裂、硬膜外麻醉、胎儿分娩和胎盘排出前后的平均测量值。结果显示,硬膜外麻醉与CO轻微升高相关(P<0.05),原因是HR和SV均无显著增加。在SVR反向下降时,血压保持稳定(P<0.05)。胎儿分娩与CO峰值相关,之后CO迅速下降(P<0.05)。平均血压在整个分娩过程中保持稳定,胎儿分娩时略有增加(P<0.05),反映出CO增加和SVR降低(P<0.05)。胎盘排出与CO的第二个峰值和SVR的降低相关。因此,一种新型反射式PPG设备可用于对产妇在分娩和分娩期间的血流动力学监测中。并利用这些数据确定正常值和异常值,以便在分娩和分娩期间制定安全方案。     

载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学机制

骨骼的结构和功能在很大程度上依赖于其所处的力学环境,这一观点已被广为接受．自从Ｗｏｌｆｆ提出其著名的骨转换定律以来,骨生长与载荷间的关系一直是生物力学中一个重要的问题．大量的动物实验均证明二者之间存在明确的关联．然而,载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学（ｍｅｃｈａｎｏｃｙ－ｔｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ）机制仍很不清楚．十余年来体外培养骨骼细胞加载的研究为应力（应变）诱导骨生长提供了一个微观理论框架．目前认为,载荷诱导骨生长的过程可分为四个环节,即：力学耦联、生物化学耦联、胞间信号转导和效应细胞反应．详细阐述了这几个环节,并就今后的研究方向作一讨论．     

人体生理的微重效应

 人体在漫长的进化过程中,已经适应了周围的物理环境,例如地球表面的温度、电磁场、重力场等.地球表面的重力场强度大约在9.8m/s²左右,作用于所有物体上,使它们受到指向地心的作用力.人体中的每一器官、组织,细胞以及生物分子都是在这样的重力场中得以演化井赖以生存的.