结构参数对聚苯乙烯光子晶体能带结构的影响

本文讨论了平板式光子晶体能带结构的计算方法,并利用平面波展开法研究了聚苯乙烯材料制作的平板式光子晶体的能带结构与晶格类型、填充比两个主要结构参数之间的关系.计算给出了晶格类型及填充比发生变化时光子禁带的变化规律.研究发现,当填充比(r/a)介于0.1～0.5之间时,四边形晶格结构和六角形晶格结构奇模和偶模均存在光子带隙,蜂窝状晶格只有偶模存在光子带隙,而且只有当填充比r/a＞0.46时才出现光子带隙.本文所得结果对聚苯乙烯光子晶体的制作和进一步应用研究奠定了理论依据.     

Friction Properties of Bio-mimetic Nano-fibrillar Arrays

Nano-fibrillar arrays are fabricated using polystyrene materials. The average diameter of each fiber is about 300 nm. Experiments show that such a fibrillar surface possesses a relatively hydrophobie feature with a water contact angle of 142°. Nanoscale friction properties are mainly focused on. It is found that the friction force of polystyrene nano-fibrillar surfaces is obviously enhanced in contrast to polystyrene smooth surfaces. The apparent coefficient of friction increases with the applied load, but is independent of the scanning speed. An interesting observation is that the friction force increases almost linearly with the real contact area, which abides by the fundamental Bowden-Tabor law of nano-seale friction.     

锗掺杂聚合物及其泡沫的制备与表征北大核心CSCD

采用稳定自由基聚合法合成了锗掺杂聚苯乙烯类聚合物,并利用聚合物溶液的热致相分离原理和冷冻干燥技术制备出具有多孔结构的锗掺杂泡沫材料。通过核磁共振氢谱、等离子体发射光谱及扫描电镜等测试手段表征了聚合物分子和泡沫结构。结果表明,聚合物分子具有极窄的分子量分布,锗掺杂原子分数为2．6％;泡沫具有多孔网络结构和薄片状骨架,骨架间的孔洞尺寸为1～10／zm,泡沫骨架随密度的降低趋于细化,孔洞变大。     

二维氧化锌纳米阵列的制备及光学吸收特性研究

采用漂移法,在玻璃衬底上制备出粒径分别为117,350和500 nm单层、大面积的聚苯乙烯胶体球掩膜板,在已制得的掩膜板上用射频磁控溅射的方法沉积一层氧化锌薄膜,最后用有机溶液四氢呋喃(THF)浸泡去除聚苯乙烯胶体球,获得不同粒径的二维氧化锌纳米团簇。通过扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱仪对样品的形貌及成份进行表征,表明所制得样品为有序分布的蜂窝网状氧化锌纳米阵列。在室温下,通过吸收光谱仪测试样品在300～800 nm波长范围内的吸收光谱,结果表明对于具有不同尺寸晶粒的氧化锌纳米团簇样品,随着所采用的聚苯乙烯胶体球粒径的增大,即氧化锌纳米团簇粒径的增加,光吸收峰出现了宽化和红移;随着溅射时间的延长,即氧化锌薄膜膜厚的增加,光吸收率提高。此外,对氧化锌纳米团簇阵列的光吸收特性进行了基于离散偶极子近似的理论计算从而获得任意形状和尺寸粒子的吸收。目前,文献报道中用此理论计算各种形状的纳米金、银等金属的结果与实验结果相符,但是应用离散偶极子的近似理论计算氧化锌纳米颗粒的报道很少。应用此理论计算三角棱台形状的氧化锌光学吸收特性,根据氧化锌薄膜介电常数和膜厚的变化进行光吸收特性的模拟,并解释了实验结果。     

Hole arrayed metal-insulator-metal structure for surface enhanced Raman scattering by self-assembling polystyrene spheres

A fabrication process based on the self-assembling polystyrene spheres is proposed to obtain hole arrayed metal-insulator-metal （HA-MIM） structure for surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）. The localized field enhancement aroused by the gap resonance in the HA-MIM structure is analyzed by finite-different time domain （FDTD） method. With reference to the theory result, the structure is experimentally fabricated and the Raman scattering spectrum of rhodamine 6G （R6G） is measured by a miniaturized Raman spectrometer. The results shows that the enhancement factor is 3.85 times higher than the control sample with single layered metal hole array. The fabrication process to obtain the HA-MIM SERS substrate is reproducible, fast, large area and low cost.     

Small angle x—ray scattering study on the conformation of polystyrene in toluene during adding anti—solvent CO2

The conformatiopn of polystyrene in the anti-solvent process of supercritical fluids(compressed CO2 polystyrene toluene)has been studied by small angle x-ray scattering with synchrotron radiation as an x-ray source.Coilto-globule transformation of the polystyrene chain was observed with the increase of the anti-solvent CO2 pressure;i.e.polystrene coiled at a prssure lower than the cloud point pressure(Pc)and turned into a globle with a uniform density at pressures higher than Pc.Fractal behaviour was also found in the chain contraction.and the mass fractal dimension increased with increasing CO2 pressure.     

氘代聚合物膜靶制备技术与性能研究

 氘代聚合物膜是快点火基础物理实验的一种重要靶型。通过氘代苯乙烯单体的本体自由基聚合反应制备氘代聚苯乙烯，并利用流延法和浇铸法制备出厚度从几十nm到数百μm的膜靶。溶剂挥发过程中的随机扰动对膜厚均匀性造成影响，采用清洁的基片和在涂沫基片或模具外加防护罩可以降低这种影响。采用PVA作脱膜剂有利于获得较薄的聚合物薄膜。DSC分析表明薄膜的玻璃化转变温度与热处理过程有关，缓慢退火有利于提高Ｔ-g和储能模量。     

A Facile Synthesis of Silver-Coated Composite Particles by Swelling Surface Method

We report a facile and rapid method for fabrication of composite particles consisting of a polystyrene (PS) core and a uniform silver shell. The process involves the PS colloid surface swelling, the anchoring of silver ions and nanoparticles onto the surfaces, and the subsequent growth of metal seeds in a short period. The present approach has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency. The TEM images show the morphology of the obtained PS core-silver shell particles, and their chemical composition and crystallinity are analysed by x-ray diffraction. To our knowledge, this is the first study based on swelling PS surface for synthesis of silver-coated PS particles and may be implemented for preparing other metal-coated PS particles.     

神龙二号加速器绝缘环真空沿面闪络

在对神龙二号加速器绝缘环进行耐压考核时发现,感应腔中的绝缘支撑部件交联聚苯乙烯绝缘环在猝发多脉冲高压加载下出现的真空沿面闪络现象存在两种类型:阴极始发的闪络击穿和阳极始发的闪络击穿。通过计算绝缘环的沿面电场分布、对比击穿电压波形与绝缘环表面闪络放电烧蚀痕迹,结合小绝缘子样品实验结果对以上沿面击穿现象的机理进行了分析,认为可能是绝缘环端面与电极面的配合问题引起了加速段与注入器绝缘环击穿现象的差异。     

一种表面具有纳米孔穴的聚合物绝缘子

绝缘体表面结构和微观形貌对提高器件真空闪络特性有重要影响。首次提出了表面具有均匀分布纳米级空穴聚合物绝缘子的化学制备方法。通过本体聚合制备纳米级二氧化硅颗粒均匀分布的交联聚苯乙烯复合材料,机械加工成聚合物绝缘子后,采用氢氟酸化学腐蚀的方法将绝缘子表面氧化物颗粒去除。采用透射电子显微镜、表面电阻率和短脉冲高压测试平台分别对处理前后绝缘子的表面形貌和绝缘等性能进行了表征,结果表明:处理后的交联聚苯乙烯复合材料绝缘子的表面形成了20~50 nm直径的空穴,空穴的大小和数量分布分别由二氧化硅颗粒的粒径和加入量控制。这种具有特殊表面结构的新型绝缘子的沿面闪络电压较纯交联聚苯乙烯绝缘子提高了15%~20%,并保持了较好的力学及加工性能。研究方法和实验结果对聚合物绝缘子的表面结构设计及高性能绝缘子的研制提供了一种新的途径。