Magnetically stabilized bed reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate with amorphous nickel alloy catalyst

A magnetically stabilized bed （MSB） reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was developed by combining the advantages of MSB and amorphous nickel alloy catalyst. The effects of operating conditions, such as temperature, pressure, liquid space velocity, hydrogen-to-oil ratio, and magnetic field intensity on the reaction were studied. A mathematical model of MSB reactor for hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was established. A reforming flow scheme with a post-hydrogenation MSB reactor was proposed. Finally, MSB hydrogenation was compared with clay treatment and conventional post-hydrogenation.     

Two-phase flow distributors for fuel cell flow channels

All existing proton exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cell gas flow fields have been designed on the basis of single-phase gas flow distribution. The presence of liquid water in the flow causes non-uniform gas distribution, leading to poor cell performance. This paper demonstrates that a gas flow restrictor/distributor, as is commonly used in two-phase flow to stabilize multiphase transport lines and multiphase reactors, can improve the gas flow distribution by significantly reducing gas real-distribution caused by either non-uniform water formation in parallel flow channels or flow instability associated with negative-slope pressure drop characteristic of two-phase horizontal flow systems.     

A review of recent advances in selective catalytic NOx reduction reactor technologies

Research on NOx treatment is extensive in recent years due to growing environmental awareness. Selec- tive catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx, as a proven technology, offers higher NOx control efficiency than many other NOx treatment methods. The present work reviews the recent development of SCR reactor technologies. Firstly, catalysts and mechanism of different SCRs were briefly summarized. Different SCR reactors, e.g. structured reactor, fluidized bed reactor and moving bed reactor, were then discussed. As a more advanced technology, multifunctional reactors were also developed for SCR process and could be divided into two categories： decoupled adsorption-reaction process and combined SCR system. The mechanism and properties of these processes were discussed in detail. Some recommendations were given for the future work in SCR reactor design. SCR reactor technology for emerging energy processes was also addressed, such as oxyfuel combustion and biofuel conversion processes, which put forward new requirements for SCR technologies and also open new opportunities for advanced design of SCR reactors.     

固定床反应器内流动的研究

固定床反应器是化学工业中常用的反应设备。详细研究反应器内的流动,对提高反应器的性能很有意义。本文分别对轴向及径向固定床反应器内的流动作了分析。对轴向床反应器,它的主要问题是流经催化剂床层的流速分布不均匀。作者分析了其原因,提出了用组合式均布装置来解决流速均布的问题,並用冷模实验进行验证。实验结果表明,本装置可使催化剂床层上方截面上的流速分布,相对标准偏差<9％,均布装置的阻力系数ζ≈1.35。对径向床反应器,作者导得了反应器内流体流动的基本方程,並进行实验研究。研究结果表明,反应器结构型式、催化剂床层阻力系数、中心通道与环形通道的面积比以及反应器高径比是影响流经床层流速分布的主要因素。     

多釜串联反应器的进料方式对平行反应的影响

流体的流动和混合是形成返混的根本原因 ,在实际工业操作中由于反应器结构和操作方法的差异 ,造成工业反应器中物料返混程度不同。讨论了在多釜串联反应器中 ,一定返混程度下不同进料方式对平行反应过程的影响     

行星式MOCVD反应器进口结构对AlN生长的气相反应和生长速率的影响

针对行星式MOCVD(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition)反应器进口结构对AlN生长的化学反应路径和生长速率的影响进行数值模拟研究,通过改变反应器进口形式、数量以及隔板位置发现,二重进口反应器倒置进口(即Ⅲ族在下,Ⅴ族在上)时,衬底前端的含Al粒子浓度明显升高,尤其是MMAl的浓度比传统进口反应器高两个数量级,气相反应中热解路径占主导,薄膜生长速率明显提高。在倒置进口的基础上优化隔板位置,生长速率略微降低,但薄膜均匀性明显改善。当反应器进口数量从二重变为三重和五重,反应从热解路径占主导变为热解路径和加合路径共同作用,薄膜生长速率逐渐增加,而均匀性明显改善。     

脱硫用重复频率脉冲电源设计

简单介绍了高压脉冲电晕法脱硫的基本原理,以及对重复频率脉冲电源性能的要求;分析脱硫反应器独特的电气特性对电源系统的影响;对重复频率脉冲电源的设计方法及技术路线进行相关探讨。     

滑动弧等离子体固氮研究进展

传统工业固氮采用哈伯-博施(Haber-Bosch)工艺,但是需要高温高压,能耗高,污染严重。滑动弧等离子体(Gliding arc plasma, GAP)兼具热等离子体和冷等离子体的优点,能够高效地产生活性物种,显著提高能量效率,使其在固氮领域具有很大的潜在应用价值,近年来受到人们的广泛关注。然而,目前GAP固氮相关研究还比较零散,有必要对具体内容进行总结归纳。本文主要综述了近10年来国内外GAP固氮研究进展,主要包括GAP放电机制、反应器设计、工艺参数研究以及固氮反应机理研究。GAP放电存在击穿伴随滑动放电的B-G模式和持续稳定放电A-G模式,A-G模式放电有助于提高固氮效率。随着滑动弧放电技术的不断发展,GAP反应器中电极结构从传统的2D刀片结构演变到了多种3D柱形结构。通过工艺优化,GAP有助于N₂分子的振动激发,从而促进N₂分子的分裂转化。最后,对GAP固氮研究进行了展望。     

宁波材料所在分子筛膜反应器研究中取得进展北大核心CSCD

反应和分离是化学工业的两大基本过程,反应-分离一体化是一项极具挑战性的课题.膜催化反应把化工过程的催化和分离过程耦合在同一个反应器中,同时完成化学反应和产品分离两个过程,从而实现反应分离一体化的目的,具有简化流程、节省投资、降低能耗等优点.膜催化反应技术应用的关键与核心是研制出既对反应物具有高催化活性、又对反应产物具有高分离选择性,同时兼有高热稳定性和化学稳定性的反应分离双功能催化膜.     

膜催化研究(Ⅲ)——无机膜反应器中乙醇脱氢制乙醛

应用Sol-gel法制备了无机氧化铝膜,其孔径大小集中分布在3～5nm间,透过率和分离系数均符合Knudsen扩散.将该膜用于乙醇脱氢制乙醛反应中,分别考察了反应温度、进料空速、内管吹扫气流对乙醇转化率及乙醛产率和选择性的影响,并与相同条件下的常规反应器中的结果作了比较.结果发现,用膜反应器后,乙醇转化率及乙醛产率均明显高于常规反应器,与相应的平衡转化率相比较,乙醛收率可提高5%～10%.