空心结构NaYF4∶Yb,Er上转换材料的制备

以稀土三氟乙酸盐、氟化钠和三氟乙酸钠为原料通过溶剂热法成功制备出了空心结构的Na YF4∶Yb,Er上转换材料,探索了反应温度、钠离子浓度对产物形貌、晶相及发光性能的影响。利用扫描电镜,透射电镜,X射线衍射和发光光谱对产物的形貌、物相结构及荧光性能进行表征。结果表明,当Na F和Y3+的摩尔比为2.5,220℃溶剂热反应12 h时,可得到空心结构的上转换材料,该结构兼具上转换荧光、载药双重功能。     

具有红光发射的稀土上转换发光纳米晶及其介孔直接功能化

红光发射稀土上转换发光纳米晶(UCNPs)在光动力治疗(PDT)等方面具有特定的优势。将油溶性的UCNPs通过表面改性转变为水溶性,对其在生物医疗、疾病诊断等方面的应用具有重要意义。利用一种简单易行的方法将具有红光发射的UCNPs进行介孔直接功能化表面修饰,制备了一种具有良好水溶性的纳米材料NaYF4:Yb/Er/Mn@mSiO2。实验结果表明该材料核-壳结构明显,形貌均一,在980 nm的激发下保持了上转换发光特性。该材料在光动力治疗等方面具有良好的潜在应用价值。     

Dy3+单掺及Dy3+,Er3+共掺GdVO4纳米粒子的制备及发光性能的研究

用水热法制备了Dy3+单掺及Dy3+,Er3+双掺GdVO4纳米荧光粉,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和荧光(FL)光谱对合成样品的结构、形貌和发光性能进行表征;探讨了Dy3+掺杂浓度、络合剂对GdVO4:Dy3+纳米晶的结构、形貌和发光性能的影响;考察了不同波长的近红外光和紫外光激发的GdVO4:Dy3+,Er3+,得到不同颜色的上转换和下转换荧光光谱。以760~830 nm近红外光和210~380 nm紫外光激发GdVO4:Dy3+纳米晶,可获得Dy3+蓝绿色双模发光;其中蓝光来自于Dy3+离子的4F9/2→6H15/2跃迁,绿光由Dy3+离子4F9/2→6H13/2跃迁产生。     

NMR波谱仪集中优化管理模式

论述了核磁中心采用的相对集中管理模式.集中管理模式主要体现在上样辅助、中央供气、数据集中上传与下载3个方面.另外,还提出了未来可以从集中供高纯N2和LN22个方面进一步改善中心的集中管理模式,从而能够更好的优化测试效率和工作环境.     

基于上转换纳米粒子的低损伤神经界面技术

Optogenetics is a neuromodulation technology that combines light control technology with genetic technology, thus allowing the selective activation and inhibition of the electrical activity in specific types of neurons with millisecond time resolution. Over the past several years, optogenetics has become a powerful tool for understanding the organization and functions of neural circuits, and it holds great promise to treat neurological disorders. To date, the excitation wavelengths of commonly employed opsins in optogenetics are located in the visible spectrum. This poses a serious limitation for neural activity regulation because the intense absorption and scattering of visible light by tissues lead to the loss of excitation light energy and also cause tissue heating. To regulate the activity of neurons in deep brain regions, it is necessary to implant optical fibers or optoelectronic devices into target brain areas, which however can induce severe tissue damage. Non- or minimally-invasive remote control technologies that can manipulate neural activity have been highly desirable in neuroscience research. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can emit light with a short wavelength and high frequency upon excitation by light with a long wavelength and low frequency. Therefore, UCNPs can convert low-frequency near-infrared (NIR) light into high-frequency visible light for the activation of light-sensitive proteins, thus indirectly realizing the NIR optogenetic system. Because NIR light has a large tissue penetration depth, UCNP-mediated optogenetics has attracted significant interest for deep-tissue neuromodulation. However, in UCNP-mediated in vivo optogenetic experiments, as the up-conversion efficiency of UCNPs is low, it is generally necessary to apply high-power NIR light to obtain up-converted fluorescence with energy high enough to activate a photosensitive protein. High-power NIR light can cause thermal damage to tissues, which seriously restricts the applications of UCNPs in optogenetic technology. Therefore, the exploration of strategies to increase the up-conversion efficiency, fluorescence intensity, and biocompatibility of UCNPs is of great significance to their wide applications in optogenetic systems. This review summarizes recent developments and challenges in UCNP-mediated optogenetics for deep-brain neuromodulation. We firstly discuss the correspondence between the parameters of UCNPs and employed opsins in optogenetic experiments, which mainly include excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths, and luminescent lifetimes. Thereafter, we introduce the methods to enhance the conversion efficiency of UCNPs, including optimizing the structure of UCNPs and modifying the organic dyes in UCNPs. In addition, we also discuss the future opportunities in combining UCNP-mediated optogenetics with flexible microelectrode technology for the long-term detection and regulation of neural activity in the case of minimal injury.     

基于“1+2”模式的结构化学课程在线教学实践

Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) at the beginning of this year, Chinese government acted immediately and made some regulations to control the epidemic NCP and promote the recovery of society and industry including education. Chinese universities stayed on the online courses without suspension on teaching and learning. Herein, we report online teaching of structural chemistry course based on the teaching mode of online live broadcast platform, online course resources and management platforms ("1 + 2" mode). This may promote online teaching, and take advantage of online live broadcast and massive open online courses, which achieves good teaching and learning experiences on structural chemistry course.     

功能高分子材料综合实验设计:荧光稀土液晶高分子防伪膜的制备

设计了一个综合性实验,将荧光稀土液晶高分子防伪膜的制备和现代分析测试技术应用于高分子专业的教学实验中,以提高学生的综合实践能力。实验包括荧光稀土液晶高分子的制备、表征、防伪性能评价3大部分。采用FTIR、荧光光谱仪、POM、XRD、TG表征荧光稀土液晶高分子的结构与性能;制备荧光稀土液晶高分子防伪膜对其防伪性能进行评价,给整个实验增添趣味性与实用性。通过开设该实验,可让学生了解功能高分子的前沿知识及现代分析测试技术的基本原理和用途,掌握专业的实验操作与数据处理方法,提高学生的综合实践能力和专业素质。学生实验证明该综合实验适用于本科实验教学。     

优化迭代步长的两种改进增量谐波平衡法

增量谐波平衡法(IHB法)是一个半解析半数值的方法, 其最大优点是适合于强非线性系统振动的高精度求解. 然而, IHB法与其他数值方法一样, 也存在如何选择初值的问题, 如初值选择不当, 会存在不收敛的情况. 针对这一问题, 本文提出了两种基于优化算法的IHB法: 一是结合回溯线搜索优化算法(BLS)的改进IHB法(GIHB1), 用来调节IHB法的迭代步长, 使得步长逐渐减小满足收敛条件; 二是引入狗腿算法的思想并结合BLS算法的改进IHB法(GIHB2), 在牛顿-拉弗森(Newton-Raphson)迭代中引入负梯度方向, 并在狗腿算法中引入2个参数来调节BSL搜索方式用于调节迭代的方式, 使迭代方向沿着较快的下降方向, 从而减少迭代的步数, 提升收敛的速度. 最后, 给出的两个算例表明两种改进IHB法在解决初值问题上的有效性.      

基于支座反力影响线曲率差分的等截面连续梁损伤识别方法

为了实现仅采用损伤状态信息对等截面连续梁进行损伤识别,通过推导三跨不等跨连续梁在移动荷载作用下的支座反力影响线,发现支座反力影响线求曲率并作差分后的曲线在损伤位置会发生突变,基于该现象提出了一种损伤定位方法,进一步建立了损伤程度计算方法,可对损伤程度进行较精确的定量。通过一三跨连续梁和一四跨连续梁工程实例的仿真分析,证明了支座反力影响线曲率差分指标损伤定位和相应的损伤程度定量方法对等截面连续梁损伤识别具有可行性。     

维生素 E型人工膝关节在ISO标准步态与上楼梯运动下的磨损情况对比

为研究人工膝关节假体在ISO标准步态与上楼梯运动负载下的摩擦磨损情况,通过对日常活动频次及动力学和运动学的研究与分析,基于人工膝关节磨损试验机,以新型Vitamin E型人工膝关节为对象进行500万次标准步态磨损测试加200万次上楼梯运动磨损测试. 结果表明正常步态阶段的磨损率为4.34 mg/mc,上楼梯运动阶段的磨损率为5.95 mg/mc. 上楼梯运动相比标准步态对半月板衬垫的磨损量造成更大的影响,半月板衬垫表面形貌相较标准步态磨损后表面形貌也发生了显著变化,出现了条纹图案和局部凹陷,这种表面形貌结果更接近于临床半月板衬垫取出物的表面形貌,目前对于人工膝关节假体的标准磨损测试方式不够全面,需要进一步改进整个测试的方案才能更好地体现体外磨损测试的意义.