无机纳米粒子作为生物探针在生物分析中的研究进展

介绍了无机纳米粒子在生物分析领域的研究进展分别从生物分子与纳米粒子的耦联方式、检测生物分子的纳米金探针、核酸或蛋白质修饰的其它纳米探针以及生物纳米技术的应用前景4个方面对该领域的发展进行了概述。     

Aligned ZnO Nanofibre Array Prepared by Vapour Transport in Air

An aligned zinc oxide nanofibre array has been fabricated by heating the mixture of ZnO, Ga2Oa, and graphite powders in atmosphere. The ZnO nanofibre showed a uniform size of about 150nm in diameter and 50μm in length. The nanofibres grew predominantly along one direction. Both x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman shift spectra show that the product is composed of ZnO with the typical hexagonal structure. The good crystallinity of these ZnO nanofibres has been verified by photoluminescence spectra with strong UV emission at 287nm and weak green band emission observed at room temperature. The component of the product was analysed by XRD,Raman shift spectrum, x-ray energy dispersion (EDX) and x-ray photoelectronic energy spectroscopy (XPS). The growth process and the characteristics can be interpreted by vapour-liquid-solid mechanism.     

Nanocavity Shrinkage and Preferential Amorphization during Irradiation in Silicon

We model the recent experimental results and demonstrate that the internal shrinkage of nanocavities in silicon is intrinsically associated with preferential amorphization as induced by self-ion irradiation. The results reveal novel thermodynamic nonequilibrium properties of such an open-volume nanostructure in condensed matter and also of covalently bound amorphous materials both at nanosize scale and during ultrafast interaction with energetic beam.     

百太瓦级超短超强钛宝石激光装置研制

近年来，随着相关领域的发展,尤其是啁啾脉冲放大（Chirped Pulse Amplification．CPA）技术的出现，使得超短脉冲激光的峰值功率的进一步提高，输出功率已能达到百TW或PW以上，聚焦功率密度可达到10^2W／cm^2.CPA技术的基本思路是将非常窄的种子光脉冲在时域上展宽，然后在放大器中充分的提取能量，最后将激光脉冲压缩到接近初始的脉冲宽度．从而获得极高的峰值功率，如图1所示如此超高强度的激光脉冲，可以创造极端的物态条件，用于研究相对论领域的光与物质相互作用，如超快x光激光产生、超高次谐波产生、激光尾波场粒子加速、实验室天体物理学及快点火机制等。随着超短超强脉冲激光装置性能的提高和研究工作的进一步深入，超短超强脉冲激光将会在军事、科技和民用方面呈现广阔的应用前景。     

用超声化学法制备有机包覆纳米银

纳米级银粉，以其纳米尺寸所赋予的独特性能，可广泛应用于催化剂材料、电池电极材料、低温材料和导电浆料，探索纳米银粉的制备方法具有重要的意义。2004年，通过超声化学法，在乙二醇介质中、以硝酸银为原料制备出了有机包覆的纳米银。产物用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和红外光谱等进行了检测。     

Dynamic Behaviour of Nanoscale Electrostatic Actuators

The dynamic behaviour for nanoscale electrostatic actuators is studied. A two parameter mass-spring model is shown to exhibit a bifurcation from the case excluding an equilibrium point to the case including two equilibrium points as the geometrical dimensions of the device are altered. Stability analysis shows that one is a stable Hopf bifurcation point and the other is an unstable saddle point. In addition, we plot the diagram phases, which have periodic orbits around the Hopf point and a homoclinic orbit passing though the unstable saddle point.     

光电变色器件用纳米晶氧化钛薄膜的微结构与特性

纳米晶TiO2薄膜在光电变色器件中具有很重要的作用。它的微结构直接影响染料的吸附、光的散射以及电荷输运的特性。因此，探索TiO2薄膜的微结构(如粒径、表面形貌和厚度等)及光电性能是非常有意义的。采用电子束蒸发工艺制备了光电变色器件用纳晶TiO2薄膜，利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、俄歇电子能谱等手段对纳米晶TiO2薄膜的表面形貌、结晶状态及组分进行了分析。从理论上研究和讨论了纳米晶TiO2薄膜晶粒尺寸对光电性能的影响，并用量子限制效应解释了吸收光谱峰值波长随粒径减小而发生蓝移的现象。     

纳米Mg-Ni合金的制备技术

纳米Mg-Ni贮氢材料具有成本低，活化容易、贮氢容量大，吸放氢动力学性能优异等特点，有很大的应用前景。本文用机械合金化法进行了纳米Mg-Ni合金的制备，且对制备的粉末进行了XRD，TEM，SEM等微观结构的分析。     

岩盐型ZnO纳米微粒的光电子发射结构

报道了岩盐型氧化锌纳米微粒的X射线光电子发射结构,发现其中3d电子的强烈成键作用,还存在着3d-4sp杂化和离域电子弛豫态的贡献,表现出与纤锌矿型明显的差异. 关键词：