纳米结构钛酸盐电极快速测定水体COD

分析了纳米结构钛酸盐电极快速测定COD的基本原理及COD标准物质定值方法。通过对纳米结构钛酸盐表征分析,钠型钛酸盐电极具有较高的灵敏度,外加0.7 V工作电位,测定COD溶液标准物质的线性相关系数大于0.995,误差在±8%以内;与国标方法比较,测量同一水样的误差在±15%以内。纳米结构钛酸盐电极可用于测量水体COD。     

晶态纳米纤维素的多色圆偏振荧光性能

基于晶态纳米纤维素禁带效应的圆偏振荧光能力, 分别采用混合悬浮液法及多层膜叠加法拓宽了晶态纳米纤维素膜的禁带, 使其禁带覆盖可见光范围, 通过掺杂多色荧光体, 该膜可以将自发辐射转换为高强度、 右旋、 多色的圆偏振荧光信号.     

化学气相沉积法制备InSe纳米片及其近红外光探测性能

采用化学气相沉积法在云母衬底上制备了二维InSe纳米片, 研究了生长温度对二维InSe纳米片晶相、 形貌、 尺寸及厚度的影响. 构筑了基于二维InSe纳米片的光探测器并研究了其光探测性能, 结果表明, 在808 nm的近红外光辐照下, 其光响应度为1.5 A/W, 外量子效率为230%, 可探测度为3.1×10 ⁸ Jones(1 Jones=1 cm·Hz ^1/2·W ^-1), 上升和衰减时间分别为0.5 和0.8 s.     

基于正电荷和光热协同效应的新型半导体聚合物纳米抗菌材料

由于抗生素的不当使用和细菌多药耐药的出现, 迫切需要开发新的抗菌剂. 本文制备了具有光热转换性能的正电荷半导体高分子材料及具有协同抗菌活性的半导体聚合物纳米粒子(SP-PPh₃ NPs). SP-PPh₃ NPs的光热转化效率为43.8%. 带正电荷的SP-PPh₃ NPs可以附着在细菌上, 有助于将热量有效传递给细菌. 在热和正电荷的协同作用下, SP-PPh₃ NPs对革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌(E. coli)和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)均具有抗菌活性, 其对二者的体外抑菌率分别为99.9%和98.6%. 此外, SP-PPh₃ NPs具有良好的生物相容性, 对小鼠的主要器官几乎无副作用. 对细菌感染的小鼠皮肤伤口用SP-PPh₃ NPs治疗12 d后, 伤口可以很好地愈合.     

磁性碱木素胺稳定的Ru纳米粒子催化α-蒎烯加氢反应

通过Mannich反应在碱木素结构中引入胺源,再结合共沉淀法制备了包裹Fe₃O₄磁核的稳定金属粒子的碱木素胺载体,并进一步构建了催化可再生资源α-蒎烯加氢反应的Ru纳米粒子催化剂.通过元素分析、粉末X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、透射电子显微镜、热重分析和X射线光电子能谱等方法对该催化剂进行表征.结果表明,碱木素中的苯环和含氧基团均对金属粒子有稳定作用,但胺源的引入可更加有效地稳定金属粒子.经过对催化剂制备工艺、木质素类型、胺源类型和胺源含量的筛选,得到活性最优的催化剂Fe₃O₄@0.8ALN₁-Ru,Ru负载量为1.92 mmol/g,Ru粒子粒径为（2.1±0.5）nm.该催化剂在n（α-蒎烯）/n（Ru）=65.8,1 MPa H₂条件下70℃催化1 mL α-蒎烯加氢反应2 h,可获得99.64%的α-蒎烯转化率和96.52%的顺式蒎烷选择性,并表现出良好的重复使用稳定性.     

可拉伸超韧水凝胶的制备和应用

综述了可拉伸超韧水凝胶的设计原理及其在组织工程和柔性电子器件领域的应用. 通过将网络结构层次、 化学结构、 增韧机制与宏观力学性能相结合, 重点讨论了单网络水凝胶、 双网络水凝胶、 纳米复合水凝胶及其它水凝胶等可拉伸超韧水凝胶的研究进展, 并总结和展望了新思路和新方向.     

CuS/Ag2S纳米复合物的制备及类过氧化物酶性质

采用水热法合成了一种微球状的CuS/Ag₂S纳米复合物. 通过透射电子显微镜、 紫外-可见吸收光谱和拉曼光谱等对其形貌及光学性质进行了表征; 考察了其类过氧化物酶性质, 并通过表面增强拉曼散射原位监测了类过氧化物酶催化反应. 以3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)为底物进行显色反应, 结果表明, 在H₂O₂存在下CuS/Ag₂S 纳米复合物具有类过氧化物酶的性质, 可以将无色的TMB氧化成蓝色的oxTMB. 基于此实现了对微量H₂O₂的检测.     

纳米SiO2/HPAM/SDS分散体系稳定性的改进及其对驱油性能的影响

分析了60℃、1. 0×104mg/L氯化钠盐水和模拟地层水中纳米SiO2/HPAM/SDS分散体系的浊度实验及Zeta电位,发现Ca2+、Mg2+离子是体系失去稳定性的主要原因。根据沉降实验及Zeta电位分析仪探讨了降低p H值和添加络合剂对模拟地层水中纳米SiO2/HPAM/SDS体系稳定性的改善效果及机理,同时利用流变仪及界面张力仪分析了两种方法对体系驱油性能的影响。结果表明,p H值降低,体系的Zeta电位绝对值降低,但SiO2周围H+保护层的形成及水化作用力的增强改善了体系的稳定性;络合剂Na2EDTA、ATM P和Na4EDTA均能增强体系的稳定性,Na2EDTA和ATM P络合Ca2+、Mg2+的同时降低了体系的p H值,而体系的黏度随p H值的降低急剧下降; Na4EDTA加入后,体系的p H值增大,稳定配位化合物的形成使体系的Zeta电位绝对值、黏度、储能模量和损耗模量增加,降低界面张力的能力增强。因此,在SiO2质量分数为0. 5%的体系中加入质量分数为0. 4%的Na4EDTA(最佳质量分数),采收率提高了3. 1%。     

溶剂诱导翻转Pickering乳液用于原位循环使用酶催化剂

Separation and recycling of catalysts are crucial for realizing the objectives of sustainable and green chemistry but remain a great challenge, especially for enzyme biocatalysts. In this work, we report a new solvent-induced reversible inversion of Pickering emulsions stabilized by Janus mesosilica nanosheets (JMSNs), which is then utilized as a strategy for the in situ separation and recycling of enzymes. The interfacial active solid particle JMSNs is carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The JMSNs are demonstrated to show order-oriented mesochannels with a large specific surface area, and the hydrophobic octylgroup is selectively modified on one side of the nanosheets. Furthermore, the inversion is found to be a fast process that is strongly dependent on the interfacial activity of the solid emulsifier JMSNs. Such a phase inversion is also a general process that can be realized in various oil/water phasic systems, including ethyl acetate-water, octane-water, and cyclohexane-water systems. By carefully analyzing the capacity of JMSNs with different surface wettabilities for phase inversion, a triphase contact angle (θ) close to 90° and a critical oil-water ratio of 1 : 2 are identified as the key factors to achieve solvent-induced phase inversion via a catastrophic phase inversion mechanism. Importantly, this reversible phase inversion is suitable for the separation and recycling of enzyme biocatalysts that are sensitive to changes in the reaction medium. Specifically, during the reaction, the organic substrates are dissolved in the oil droplets and the water-soluble catalysts are dispersed in the water phase, while a majority of the product is released into the upper oil phase and the enzyme catalyst is confined inside the water droplets in the bottom layer after phase inversion. The perpendicular mesochannels of JMSNs provide a highly accessible reaction interface, and their excellent interfacial activity allows for more than 10 rounds of consecutive phase inversions by simply adjusting the ratio of oil to water in the system. Using the enzymatic hydrolysis kinetic resolution of racemic acetate as an example, our Pickering emulsion system shows not only a 3-fold enhanced activity but also excellent recyclability. Because no sensitive chemical reagents are used in this phase inversion process, the intrinsic activities of the catalysts can be preserved even after seven cycles. The current study provides an alternative strategy for the separation and recycling of enzymes, in addition to revealing a new innovative application for Janus-type nanoparticles.