半导体纳米粒子SERS基底对大肠杆菌的无损检测研究

很多致命的疾病都与细菌感染密切相关,快速、准确地检测和鉴定细菌及微生物,一直是微生物学家及有关科研工作者追求的目标,拉曼光谱可以提供丰富的谱图信息,而表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)有很高的检测灵敏度,然而一些贵金属SERS基底却容易使蛋白质变性,影响检测结果。以大肠杆菌(E.Coli)作为目标检测细菌,首先检测到大肠杆菌的拉曼光谱,之后采用两种不同的SERS基底(ZnO,Ag溶胶)进行检测。结果表明Ag溶胶基底有很强且较丰富的SERS信号,但是相对于E.Coli的本体拉曼谱峰有较大位移,说明与银溶胶相互作用的细菌存在一定的蛋白质变性过程;而ZnO纳米粒子与细菌作用的SERS信号虽然较弱,但是与E.Coli的本体拉曼信号较为相似,说明ZnO纳米粒子对E.Coli本体基本无损,这将有利于SERS在生物体系的无损检测。该结果可以为利用生物相容性好的半导体SERS基底进行细菌的检测提供有益的参考。     

TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构SERS实验

基于氧化物半导体的光催化特性,能够降解有机物分子,使表面增强拉曼散射基底得以重复使用。提出了银纳米颗粒有效修饰覆盖有石墨烯的二氧化钛纳米棒阵列(TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag)复合结构作为表面增强拉曼散射基底,并对其进行了实验研究。利用水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米棒阵列;采用湿法转移石墨烯和光照还原方法制备了TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构。用罗丹明6G(R6G)分子作为探测分子,结果表明:随着紫外光照沉积时间增加,探针分子的拉曼信号先增强后减弱;计算得到最大增强因子值约为2.6×106。此外,还对TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构的紫外自清洁特性进行了初步实验,结果表明,紫外光照射20min后,其拉曼强度下降到42.3%,具有一定的紫外清洁效果。     

新型原子力显微镜

日本、西班牙和捷克的物理学家开发了一种新型原子力显微镜，这种显微镜可以探测材料表面单个原子的化学属性，而现在的原子力显微镜仅可以探测原子的位置．新型原子力显微镜可以精确地确定材料表面的组成和结构，这种特性甚至允许人们去操纵特定的某一类原子，换句话讲就是可以一个原子一个原子地来搭建纳米结构．     

掺杂香豆素6的杂化纳米颗粒的制备及荧光性能研究(英文)

采用一种再沉淀-封装法制备了掺杂香豆素6(C6)的杂化荧光纳米颗粒,并通过SEM和DLS对其进行了形貌和粒径大小表征。在450 nm光激发下,制备的C6掺杂纳米颗粒表现出绿色荧光。通过比较光致发光光谱随掺杂浓度的变化,得出C6掺杂纳米颗粒的浓度猝灭是因为分子间能量转移而非C6分子聚集所致。另外,由于所选聚合物基质材料PS和PMMA分子结构的区别,导致PS-基质和PMMA-基质的纳米颗粒的光谱形状不同。C 6分子在PS-基质的纳米颗粒中处于两种不同的微环境,所以发射峰较宽;PMMA是线性分子,PMMA-基质的纳米颗粒中只存在一种局域环境,所以发射峰较窄。高的掺杂浓度会超过纳米颗粒对C6分子的负载能力,从而导致C6分子在水溶液中聚集。     

A planar chiral nanostructure with asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized wave and huge optical activity in near-infrared band

Just like an electronic diode that allows the electrical current to flow in one direction only, a kind of chiral metamaterial structure with a similar functionality for the electromagnetic wave is proposed. The designed nanostructure that consists of twisted metallic split-ring resonators on both sides of a dielectric substrate achieves asymmetric transmission for a forward and backward propagating linearly polarized wave by numerical simulation in near-infrared band. Difference in transmission efficiency of the optimized structure between the same polarized waves incident from opposite directions can reach a maximum at the communication wavelength （1.55 μm）. Moreover, the simulation results of this structure also exhibit strong optical activity and circular dichroism.     

Interplay between out-of-plane magnetic plasmon and lattice resonance for modified resonance lineshape and near-field enhancement in double nanoparticles array

Two-dimensional double nanoparticle （DNP） arrays are demonstrated theoretically, supporting the interaction between out-of-plane magnetic plasmons and in-plane lattice resonances, which can be achieved by tuning the nanoparticle height or the array period due to the height-dependent magnetic resonance and the periodicity-dependent lattice resonance. The interplay between the two plasmon modes can lead to a remarkable change in resonance lineshape and an improvement on magnetic field enhancement. Simultaneous electric field and magnetic field enhancement can be obtained in the gap region between neighboring particles at two resonance frequencies as the interplay occurs, which presents “open” cavities as electromagnetic field hot spots for potential applications on detection and sensing. The results not only offer an attractive way to tune the optical responses of plasmonic nanostructure, but also provide further insight into the plasmon interactions in periodic nanostructure or metamaterials comprising multiple elements.     

Quantum Mechanical Study on Tunnelling and Ballistic Transport of Nanometer Si MOSFETs

Using self-consistent calculations of million-atom SchrSdinger-Poisson equations, we investigate the I-V characteristics of tunnelling and ballistic transport of nanometer metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors （MOSFET） based on a full 3-D quantum mechanical simulation under nonequilibtium condition. Atomistic empirical pseudopotentials are used to describe the device Hamiltonian and the underlying bulk band structure. We find that the ballistic transport dominates the I-V characteristics, whereas the effects of tunnelling cannot be neglected with the maximal value up to 0.8mA/μm when the channel length of MOSFET scales down to 25 nm. The effects of tunnelling transport lower the threshold voltage Vt. The ballistic current based on fully 3-D quantum mechanical simulation is relatively large and has small on-off ratio compared with results derived from the calculation methods of Luo et al.     

Subwavelength-resolution direct writing using submicron-diameter fibers

<正>A novel direct writing technique using submicron-diameter fibers is presented.This technique adopts contact mode in the process of writing,and submicron lines with different widths have been obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the resolution of this technique can be smaller than the exposure wavelength of 442 nm,and 380-nm-wide line is achieved.In addition,the distribution of light fields in the photoresist layer is analyzed by finite-difference time-domain method.     

单光束飞秒激光诱导的电子态密度分布对双周期纳米光栅的影响EI北大核心CSCD

研究了不同脉冲能量下1kHz飞秒激光脉冲在石英玻璃内部诱导的损伤痕迹、纳米光栅结构及其双折射特性,发现在激光辐照区域顶端形成的微纳结构具有两种周期性:沿光传输方向的周期为ΛK;沿激光偏振方向的周期为ΛE.通过数值模拟飞秒脉冲在石英玻璃内部的传输过程,研究了入射能流密度分布及自由电子密度分布对双周期纳米光栅结构的影响.结果表明,较大的入射能流密度有利于纳米光栅的形成,且产生的电子密度会影响周期ΛK,电子密度越大,周期ΛK越大.从理论上分析了双周期纳米光栅结构的形成过程,认为等离子体非对称生长及其引起的局域场强分布影响了双周期纳米光栅结构的形成.     

基于原子力显微镜的石墨烯表面图案化摩擦调控

摩擦可调控的石墨烯作为固体润滑剂在微/纳机电系统中具有巨大的应用潜力.本文采用导电原子力显微镜对附着在Au/SiO₂/Si基底上的石墨烯进行氧化刻蚀,比较了在不同刻蚀参数下石墨烯纳米图案的摩擦性能,并且通过开尔文力显微镜分析了不同刻蚀参数对纳米图案氧化程度的影响.结果表明:施加负偏压可以在石墨烯表面制造出稳定可调的氧化点、线等纳米级图案,氧化点的直径和氧化线的宽度都随着电压的增大而增大;增加石墨烯的厚度可以提高纳米图案的连续性和均匀性.摩擦力随着针尖电压的增大而增大,这是由于电压增大了弯液面力和静电力.利用这些加工的纳米级图案可以精确地调控石墨烯表面的摩擦大小.通过导电原子力显微镜刻蚀技术实现石墨烯表面纳米摩擦特性的可控,为石墨烯在微/纳米机电系统中的摩擦行为研究和具有图案表面的纳米器件的制备提供了新的思路和方法.