Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by nano-structured iron catalyst

Effects of nanoscale iron oxide particles on textural structure, reduction, carburization and catalytic behavior of precipitated iron catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) are investigated. Nanostructured iron catalysts were prepared by microemulsion method in two series. Firstly, Fe2O3, CuO and La2O3 nanoparticles were prepared separately and were mixed to attain Fe/Cu/La nanostructured catalyst (sep-nano catalyst); Secondly nanostructured catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil microemulsion method (mix-nano catalyst). Also, conventional iron catalyst was prepared with common co-precipitation method. Structural characterizations of the catalysts were performed by TEM, XRD, H2 and CO-TPR tests. Particle size of iron oxides for sep-nano and mix-nano catalysts, which were determined by XRD pattern (Scherrer equation) and TEM images was about 20 and 21.6 nm, respectively. Catalyst evaluation was conducted in a fixed-bed stainless steel reactor and compared with conventional iron catalyst. The results revealed that FTS reaction increased while WGS reaction and olefin/paraffin ratio decreased in nanostructured iron catalysts.     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

含油污泥的热解特性研究

利用热重 傅里叶变换红外光谱联用仪与管式电阻炉对含油污泥热解特性进行了研究,分析了热解过程及影响因素（污泥性质与升温速率）,并由气体析出特性研究了热解机理。结果表明,热解过程包括水分挥发、轻质油挥发、重质油热解、半焦炭化与矿物质分解五种反应,矿物油反应集中发生在220℃～480℃。污泥性质影响因素中,产生环节最为显著,罐底泥、污水污泥失重明显而落地油泥失重不明显,矿物质组分含量越高,挥发分转化率越低;而污泥的油源基属影响较小。升温速率越大,反应进行的越快,挥发分转化率降低。热解机理包括矿物油含氧官能团裂解,链烃及侧链上的断链,环化、芳构化以及缩合脱氢。     

基于混沌离散PSO算法的乙烯生产过程模型变量的选择

管式炉裂解技术是当今乙烯生产的主要技术,乙烯生产过程中有多种影响质量指标的变量,将全部变量参与建模显然会增加建模难度和复杂性,并且大量的冗余信息会降低模型的精度;针对这一问题,提出了基于混沌思想的离散粒子群(PSO)算法进行模型变量的选择;首先,采用混沌离散PSO算法得到建模的最优输入变量集合,再通过偏最小二乘法(PLS)对所选变量进行建模;结果表明,该方法可更有效地克服传统粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优的问题并建立较高的模型精度。     

专利

一种水体化学需氧量快速测定装置公开号:CN101900681A公开日:2010.12.01申请人:哈尔滨工业大学摘要一种水体化学需氧量快速测定装置,属于化学分析仪器,解决现有的光催化COD测定装置采用粉末TiO2和附着于反应器壁的TiO2薄膜做为催化剂,粉末TiO2易凝聚、难分离、易失     

Comparative study of kinetic modeling for the oxidative coupling of methane by genetic and marquardt algorithms

Overall kinetic studies on the oxidative coupling of methane, OCM, have been conducted in a tubular fixed bed reactor, using perovskite titanate as the reaction catalyst. The appropriate operating conditions were found to be: temperature 750-775 ℃, total feed flow rate of 160 ml/min, CH4/O2 ratio of 2 and GHSV of 100 min-1. Under these conditions, C2 yield of 28% was achieved. Correlations of the kinetic data have been performed with lumped rate equations for C2 and COx formation as functions of temperature, O2 and CH4 partial pressures. Six models have been selected among the common lumped kinetic models. The selected models have been regressed with the experimental data which were obtained from the Catatest system by genetic algorithm in order to obtain optimized parameters. The kinetic coefficients in the overall reactions were optimized by different numerical optimization methods such as: the Levenberg-Marquardt and genetic algorithms and the results were compared with one another. It has been found that the Santamaria model is in good agreement with the experimental data. The Arrhenius parameters of this model have been obtained by linear regression. It should be noted that the Marquardt algorithm is sensitive to the first guesses and there is possibility to trap in the relative minimum.     

两亲性树枝形聚合物微反应器在光化学反应中应用研究

树枝形聚合物是一种结构独特的大分子,其内部存在的空腔可以容纳底物分子,近年来作为一类新型的微反应器引起广泛重视.在这些研究中,具有亲水外围基团和疏水内层骨架的两亲性树枝形聚合物因其溶解于水可以提供类似胶束的限制性微环境而备受关注,这种树枝形聚合物也被称为"静态单分子胶束".疏水小分子包裹在这类树枝形聚合物内部空腔溶解在水溶液中,由于树枝形聚合物内部微环境的影响,这些有机小分子表现出与其在均相水溶液或其它介质中不同的光物理和光化学性质.     

空气污染组分H2O和CO2对乙烯燃烧性能的影响(II)——反应机理和动力学模拟

超燃冲压发动机在高空工作时, 以高温高速纯净空气作氧化剂使燃料燃烧. 但在地面实验中, 高温空气往往通过燃烧加热方式获得, 会使空气中含有H2O和CO2等污染组分. 本文用活塞流反应器进行动力学模拟, 研究在不同初温、压强和燃气比的条件下, H2O和CO2污染组分对乙烯燃烧的温度、压强和点火延迟时间等特性的影响. 模拟结果表明: 乙烯在含有H2O/CO2污染物的空气中燃烧, 相比纯净的空气而言, H2O对乙烯的点火有一定的促进作用, 而CO2有一定的抑制作用; 空气中含H2O和CO2污染物使乙烯燃烧的平衡温度和压强降低, 在污染物浓度相同时, CO2引起的下降幅度比H2O的大. 模拟结果能较好地解释现有的实验现象.     

书讯

《催化反应工程基础》陈诵英编著ISBN 978-7-122-10297-3定价68.00元化学工业出版社2011年5月出版《催化反应工程基础》(Fundamentals of Catalytic Reaction Engineering)详细了介绍催化反应工程的基础知识,介绍了催化反应工程发展的新趋势以及催化反应器设