尼龙6,6(PA_(6,6)及其共混物结晶性能的研究

<正> 尼龙6,6(PA_(6,6))是一种典型的结晶性工程塑料,被广泛应用于纺织、机械制造等行业,但其加工温度范围较窄,耐热性差。聚醚砜(PES)具有较高的玻璃化转变温度,是非晶聚合物,可以诱发某些结晶聚合物结晶。PES与PA_(6,6)共混体系的研究报道较少,本文用熔融法将PES与PA_(6,6)制成共混物,企图改善PA_(6,6)的结晶性,以提高其耐热性,取得了较理想的结果。     

热致液晶共聚酯对聚丙烯结晶的诱导作用

用差示扫描量热法和光学解偏振法研究了热致液晶性芳香共聚酯与聚丙烯共混物的等温和非多温结晶行为.结果表明,这一热致液晶聚合物对聚丙烯结晶有诱导成核和加速作用.当共聚酯含量在2-5％之间时,聚丙烯的结晶速率最快.偏光显微镜的观察揭示出在聚丙烯熔体中原位形成的液晶聚合物微纤诱导了聚丙烯横穿晶的形成.     

STABILITY OF EQUILIBRIA OF NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS

We provide an analytical study on the stability of equilibria of rigid rodlike nematic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) governed by the Smoluchowski equation with the Maier-Saupe intermolecular potential. We simplify the expression of the free energy of an orientational distribution function of rodlike LCP molecules by properly selecting a coordinate system and then investigate its stability with respect to perturbations of orientational probability density. By computing the Hessian matrix explicitly, we are able to prove the hysteresis phenomenon of nematic LCPs: when the normalized polymer concentration b is below a critical value b*(6.7314863965), the only equilibrium state is isotropic and it is stable; when b*< b < 15/2, two anisotropic (prolate) equilibrium states occur together with a stable isotropic equilibrium state. Here the more aligned prolate state is stable whereas the less aligned prolate state is unstable. When b > 15/2, there are three equilibrium states: a stable prolate state, an unstable isotropic state and an unstable oblate state.     

R~3中正曲率曲面的无穷小变形和几类边值问题

本文讨论了Ｒ３中正曲率曲面的无穷小变形，利用广义解析函数理论，研究了几类有明确几何意义的边值问题的无穷小刚性，其中部分结论是Ｖｅｋｕａ相应结果的推广．     

Simulation for surface self-nanocrystallization under shot peening

Driven by high frequency and multi-directional shot peens, dislocations of various orientations proliferate into the metal, and accumulate in high density in the surface layer of a shallow depth. Migration, generation and annihilation of dislocations dictate the evolution of mobile dislocation density. Simulation for the experiment of pure iron under repeated shot peen flux of 800 times per square millimeter is carried out, and a dislocation density up to 2.17×10¹¹ mm⁻² is achieved. Dislocations of such density in the surface layer are shown to be capable of forming nano-grains whose size is about 10 nm. Molecular dynamics simulation verifies the formation of nano-grained metals at such dislocation density level. The dislocations are first regrouped to form subcrystallites, then combined to form stable nanocrystallized grains after sufficiently long time of relaxation. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10121202)     

非等温粗糙表面液滴撞击特性试验与仿真研究

非等温固体表面液滴碰撞现象广泛存在于航空航天领域机械零部件中,液滴碰撞动力学行为的研究对提升机械零部件传热换热以及润滑性能具有重要意义.为获得液滴在非等温粗糙表面的撞击特性,研究了硅油在金属表面撞击、铺展和回缩的动力学行为,并着重分析了硅油黏度、撞击速度、油滴初始直径、金属表面粗糙度及温度对硅油撞击特性的影响.结果表明,在等温表面,液滴最大铺展直径与撞击速度、基体表面温度及液滴初始直径正相关,与基体表面粗糙度、硅油黏度负相关;当表面粗糙度介于6.3～25μm时,其对液滴最大铺展直径影响较小;在非等温表面,液滴回缩过程中少量液体残留并形成尾迹,且残留尾迹随基体温度升高而愈发明显;随后数值模拟了硅油在非等温粗糙表面的碰撞过程,并揭示了基体温度和表面粗糙度的影响机制.本文中研究成果为理解非等温粗糙金属表面液滴的撞击行为提供了丰富的理论和试验依据.     

Crystallization Kinetics Study on Magnetron-Sputtered Amorphous TiA1 Alloy Thin Films

Crystallization kinetics of magnetron-sputtered amorphous TiAl ahoy thin films is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry through isothermal analysis and non-isotherm analysis. In non-isothermai analysis, the Kissinger method and the Ozawa method are used to calculate the apparent activation energy and local activation energy, respectively, in the crystallization processes of amorphous TiA1 thin films. Furthermore, the crystallization mechanism is discussed from the investigation of the A vrami exponent by isothermal analysis. In addition, x-ray diffraction is utilized to reveal the grain orientation and evolution during the crystallization of TiA1 thin fihns.     

X射线衍射法研究不同类型淀粉高静压处理后晶体结构的变化

对300, 450和600 MPa不同高静压力下导致的淀粉结晶结构变化进行研究。选择不同类型、不同链/支比的三种淀粉为研究对象,进行高静压处理,利用X射线衍射法分析高静压对不同类型,不同链/支比淀粉晶体结构的影响。结果表明：由于X射线衍射峰加强及相对结晶度增大,糯玉米淀粉在300 MPa表现为韧化作用,在450 MPa结晶结构完全解体,600 MPa时发生重结晶;HylonⅦ淀粉在600 MPa以下的高静压处理只表现出韧化效果,结晶度增加但不明显;木薯淀粉在300 MPa具有韧化作用,600 MPa结晶结构完全消失,表现为韧化-颗粒结晶解体两个过程。因此,本文提出淀粉颗粒在高静压处理过程中经历压缩韧化-晶体结构解体-重结晶三个发展阶段。     

不同酯基结构的棕榈油生物柴油的性能研究

以棕榈油为研究对象,分别与甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和异丁醇进行酯交换反应制备了不同酯基结构的生物柴油。利用差示扫描量热仪和应力控制流变仪分析了不同酯基结构棕榈油生物柴油的结晶行为和低温流变性能,同时分析了酯基结构对生物柴油的氧化稳定性,40℃时的动力黏度、20℃时的密度等重要性质的影响。结果表明,随着醇的碳链长度的增加,棕榈油生物柴油的析蜡点和胶凝点均降低,特别是棕榈油异丁酯的析蜡点和胶凝点分别降低到了-2.57和-8.09℃,低温流动性得到了明显改善,且氧化诱导期略有延长,氧化稳定性有所改善。生物柴油的密度和黏度随着酯基结构的不同而有所变化,但其数值都符合中国生物柴油标准。