定向凝固多晶硅铸锭炉石英坩埚的改进与热场优化

针对定向凝固多晶硅铸锭炉内温场的分布特点,利用COMSOL 5.0模拟软件优化设计了定向凝固多晶硅铸锭炉内部坩埚形状,并对优化后铸锭炉内的温场分布进行了详细分析.结果表明:将坩埚底面由平底结构改进为凸底结构,可优化铸锭坩埚内的温场分布,使长晶界面的等温线趋于水平分布,进而可有效解决中心区域结晶过早、边角区域结晶过慢和边角区热诱导缺陷、杂质密度大等铸锭过程中存在的基本问题.     

分子间的吸引相互作用对实际气体等温线的影响

对范德瓦耳斯方程吸引项修正后, 分析了两种经验状态方程的等温线, 并与范德瓦耳斯方程作了比较     

酸性有机磷类萃取剂单分子膜的气-液界面行为:亚相pH和铺展溶剂的影响

液-液两相萃取过程中,有机磷类萃取剂分子的界面行为决定了其以何种形式参与到界面萃取反应中.为了阐明萃取剂分子界面行为的变化特点,采用Langmuir单分子膜技术研究了单分子膜中P507分子在气-液界面的吸附和聚集行为随亚相pH、有机溶剂极性的变化.通过测定表面压-分子面积等温线,并采用界面红外反射吸收光谱（IRRAS）分析表征气-液界面P507分子间相互作用,结果发现,以正己烷作铺展溶剂时,随亚相pH的降低,P507单分子膜质子化程度提高,P507分子极性端水化能力削弱,分子间相互作用增强,单分子膜中形成含有分子间氢键的聚集体.但采用极性有机溶剂（二氯甲烷和氯仿）铺展P507单分子膜,膜内P507分子界面聚集状态发生变化.铺展溶剂极性增强,单分子膜内会含有更多极性端水化能力强的P507分子单体,并且亚相pH降低,单分子膜不会出现类似正己烷条件下的π-A曲线收缩和P-O-H基团峰位红移现象.这证实了有机铺展溶剂极性可以改变P507单分子膜中分子界面存在形式和聚集状态.本工作为深入理解溶剂萃取过程中水油两相界面处酸性有机磷类萃取剂分子的聚集行为变化及其对界面反应活性的影响机制奠定了基础.     

硅胶自环己烷中吸附环己酮和苯甲酸

用经不同温度处理的亲水硅胶(表面总羟基浓度不同)和甲基化硅胶(只含有缔合羟基或不同表面浓度的自由羟基的硅胶)为吸附剂, 测定了自环己烷中吸附环己酮和苯甲酸的等温线, 以及几种硅胶样品的红外光谱图, 探讨了表面自由羟基和缔合羟基在溶液吸附中的作用.     

气体临界温度以上吸附平衡的预测研究

Experimental adsorption isotherms of CH4 and N2 higher than critical temperatures on K02 activated carbon were measured with the volumetric method The pressure and temperature ranges were 0～12 MPa and 273～333 K respectively. A model, which took into account the adsorbate properties above critical temperatures and the adsorbent surface heterogeneity by pore size distribution, was proposed in this paper to predict the equilibrium data only using one adsorption isotherm. The gamma distribution was adopted to express the pore size distribution of the activated carbon, and the adsorption potential was calculated bythe 10-4-3 equation for slit shape micro pores. The relationships between the adsorbate density, the saturated adsorption amount and the equilibrium temperature have been discussed in detail. Through this method, the experimental adsorption data of CH4 and N2 were compared with the prediction equilibria. The study illustrates that the predicting method could present the adsorption equilibria accurately in the whole research range. And the mean relative deviations of the prediction of CH4 and N2 are only about 1.9% and 2.9%. This proves that the analyses of the adsorbate properties are reasonable. Inaddition, the model was applied to calculating the equilibrium data of various supercritical adsorption systems published in literatures. Despite different adsorbents and equilibriaconditions, the investigation results demonstrate that the suggested model performs well in predicting the gases adsorption equilibrium data with all mean relatived eviations less than 6.8%. Therefore, the model could be utilized to calculate the gases adsorption equilibrium data above critical temperatures in a wide range.     

N2和Ar在改性的NaA分子筛上的吸附分离

采用水溶液离子交换法分别制备了不同Li^ 和Ca^2^ 交换度的A型分子筛,并在25℃下测定了各分子筛吸附剂的氮和氩的吸附等温线及穿透曲线．研究发现,锂交换和钙交换的两种分子筛的氮吸附量和氮氩分离选择性都随分子筛中阳离子交换度的增加而增大;在阳离子交换度较高时,锂离子和钙离子交换的A型分子筛的氮氩分离能力均优于NaA分子筛．穿透曲线的结果显示,所研究的各种吸附剂都存在一个最优的吸附分离压力,大约在0．6MPa．在0．6MPaT,接近100％阳离子交换度的CaNaA分子筛的动态氮氩分离性能优于相同交换度的LiNaA分子筛。     

壳聚糖衍生物对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学及机理研究

利用吸附体系研究了Zn(Ⅱ)与壳聚糖衍生物的吸附行为。评价了Zn(Ⅱ)在壳聚糖衍生物上的吸附能力。探讨了壳聚糖衍生物对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学行为,动力学实验数据与二级动力学模型相吻合,表明化学吸附过程为速率控制步骤。通过红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱,研究了壳聚糖衍生物与Zn2 的配位机理。结果表明,配合物中Zn2 与α-酮戊二酸缩壳聚糖中羧基氧原子和氨基氮原子配位,与羟胺α-酮戊二酸缩壳聚糖配位的配位原子为—NH—中的氮原子、羟肟酸中的氧原子及羰基中的氧原子。     

SrFeO3-x对氧的吸附及对甲苯的催化作用

电线、电缆、油漆、印刷、制鞋等产品生产过程中,可产生苯、甲苯、二甲苯等挥发性及毒性的有机体。目前工业上主要用催化燃烧法消除有机废气对环境的污染。所用催化剂主要是贵金属负载在多孔载体上,如Pd／Al2O3,Pt／SiO2等。这类催化剂耗能低,操作简单,氧化温度低,取得了良好效果。但Pd、Pt等贵金属价格昂贵,资源较少,限制了它们的发展。因此,如何得到一种高效价廉的催化剂以取代贵金属催化剂则是推广催化燃烧消除有机废气污染的关键措施之一。     

Adsorption Isotherms of Quercetin and Catechin Compounds on Quercetin-MIP

A molecular imprinted polymer(MIP)was prepared with quercetin as the template and methacrylic acid(MAA)as the functional monomer.Acetonitrile and methanol were used as the porogen with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA)as the crosslinker and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile)(AIBN)as the initiator.The experimental parameters of the equilibrium isotherms were estimated via linear and nonlinear regression analyses.The linear equation as the functions of the adsorption concentration of the single compound in its solution and the competitive adsorption of the single compound in its mixed compounds solution was then expressed,and the adsorption equilibrium data were correlated to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.The mixture compounds show competitive adsorption on the specific binding sites of quercetin-MIP.Furthermore,the competitive Langmuir isotherms were applied to the mixture compounds.The adsorption concentrations of quercetin,( )catechin( C),and(-)epicatechin(EC)on the quercetin molecular imprinted polymer were compared.The quercetin-imprinted polymer shows extraordinarily higher adsorption ability for quercetin than for the two catechin compounds that were also assessed.     

各向同性多晶Al、Cu、Ta的超声物态方程

 利用“超声脉冲重合法”测量了多晶Al、Cu、Ta的弹性模量及其压力的偏导数。由Birch-Murnaghan物态方程得到的三种金属的等温线与冲击波等温线作了比较。