气体临界温度以上吸附平衡的预测研究

Experimental adsorption isotherms of CH4 and N2 higher than critical temperatures on K02 activated carbon were measured with the volumetric method The pressure and temperature ranges were 0～12 MPa and 273～333 K respectively. A model, which took into account the adsorbate properties above critical temperatures and the adsorbent surface heterogeneity by pore size distribution, was proposed in this paper to predict the equilibrium data only using one adsorption isotherm. The gamma distribution was adopted to express the pore size distribution of the activated carbon, and the adsorption potential was calculated bythe 10-4-3 equation for slit shape micro pores. The relationships between the adsorbate density, the saturated adsorption amount and the equilibrium temperature have been discussed in detail. Through this method, the experimental adsorption data of CH4 and N2 were compared with the prediction equilibria. The study illustrates that the predicting method could present the adsorption equilibria accurately in the whole research range. And the mean relative deviations of the prediction of CH4 and N2 are only about 1.9% and 2.9%. This proves that the analyses of the adsorbate properties are reasonable. Inaddition, the model was applied to calculating the equilibrium data of various supercritical adsorption systems published in literatures. Despite different adsorbents and equilibriaconditions, the investigation results demonstrate that the suggested model performs well in predicting the gases adsorption equilibrium data with all mean relatived eviations less than 6.8%. Therefore, the model could be utilized to calculate the gases adsorption equilibrium data above critical temperatures in a wide range.     

N2和Ar在改性的NaA分子筛上的吸附分离

采用水溶液离子交换法分别制备了不同Li^ 和Ca^2^ 交换度的A型分子筛,并在25℃下测定了各分子筛吸附剂的氮和氩的吸附等温线及穿透曲线．研究发现,锂交换和钙交换的两种分子筛的氮吸附量和氮氩分离选择性都随分子筛中阳离子交换度的增加而增大;在阳离子交换度较高时,锂离子和钙离子交换的A型分子筛的氮氩分离能力均优于NaA分子筛．穿透曲线的结果显示,所研究的各种吸附剂都存在一个最优的吸附分离压力,大约在0．6MPa．在0．6MPaT,接近100％阳离子交换度的CaNaA分子筛的动态氮氩分离性能优于相同交换度的LiNaA分子筛。     

壳聚糖衍生物对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学及机理研究

利用吸附体系研究了Zn(Ⅱ)与壳聚糖衍生物的吸附行为。评价了Zn(Ⅱ)在壳聚糖衍生物上的吸附能力。探讨了壳聚糖衍生物对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学行为,动力学实验数据与二级动力学模型相吻合,表明化学吸附过程为速率控制步骤。通过红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱,研究了壳聚糖衍生物与Zn2 的配位机理。结果表明,配合物中Zn2 与α-酮戊二酸缩壳聚糖中羧基氧原子和氨基氮原子配位,与羟胺α-酮戊二酸缩壳聚糖配位的配位原子为—NH—中的氮原子、羟肟酸中的氧原子及羰基中的氧原子。     

SrFeO3-x对氧的吸附及对甲苯的催化作用

电线、电缆、油漆、印刷、制鞋等产品生产过程中,可产生苯、甲苯、二甲苯等挥发性及毒性的有机体。目前工业上主要用催化燃烧法消除有机废气对环境的污染。所用催化剂主要是贵金属负载在多孔载体上,如Pd／Al2O3,Pt／SiO2等。这类催化剂耗能低,操作简单,氧化温度低,取得了良好效果。但Pd、Pt等贵金属价格昂贵,资源较少,限制了它们的发展。因此,如何得到一种高效价廉的催化剂以取代贵金属催化剂则是推广催化燃烧消除有机废气污染的关键措施之一。     

多孔活性炭孔径分布的表征

总结了利用气体吸附法表征多孔活性炭中孔和微孔孔径分布的各种方法。BJH方法和MP模型忽略了微孔内势能叠加效应,仅适合描述中孔孔径分布;HK模型和以Dubinin填充理论为基础的各种方法,考虑了微观下势能叠加的效果,在一定程度上能很好地描述微孔孔径分布;最近围绕GAI(GeneralizedAdsorptionIsotherm)而展开的利用密度范函理论(DFT,densityfunctiontheory)和巨正则系综蒙特卡罗(GCMC,grandcanonicalensemblemontecarlo)模拟确定微孔孔径分布的方法较好地克服了Dubinin理论中存在的缺点,是较好的两种方法,但其有效性还需要更多的实验结果来证明。     

复合吸附剂SiO2·xH2O·yCaCl2的水蒸气吸附等温线

配制了一种由粗孔球形硅胶和氯化钙组成的新型复合吸附剂SiO2·xH2O·yCaCl2,测得了4个不同氯化钙含量的复合吸附剂样品(氯化钙质量分数分别为0.130,0.2733,0.384和0.510)、CaCl2和粗孔球形硅胶在25℃、35℃及45℃的水蒸气吸附等温线。实验结果表明,复合吸附剂的平衡吸水量随CaCl2质量分数增加而增加,最大可达到粗孔球形硅胶的10倍。用Dubinin-Astakhov方程回归测得的等温线,求得相应的参数。     

绿色合成载银壳聚糖及其等温线、动力学及抑菌性

以吸附绿色合成法制备载银壳聚糖,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和热重分析研究其微观结构和热稳定性,并研究了壳聚糖对银离子的吸附模型,以此为抗菌材料,通过平板扩散板法评价载银壳聚糖的抗菌效果。实验结果表明:银离子在多糖结构中的引入影响了其原有的晶体结构,提升了其热稳定性。壳聚糖对银离子的吸附等温线与Langmuir和Dubinin-Radushkevich方程相一致,说明了壳聚糖中银离子的吸附过程符合单层吸附和化学吸附,并且根据Langmiur方程计算壳聚糖对银离子的最大吸附量为478.09 mg/g,含银量为32.34%,与Dubinin-Radushkevich计算结果一致。银含量饱和的载银壳聚糖对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)具有良好的抗菌性能,其最小抑菌浓度为80 μg/mL。     

Adsorption Isotherms of Quercetin and Catechin Compounds on Quercetin-MIP

A molecular imprinted polymer(MIP)was prepared with quercetin as the template and methacrylic acid(MAA)as the functional monomer.Acetonitrile and methanol were used as the porogen with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA)as the crosslinker and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile)(AIBN)as the initiator.The experimental parameters of the equilibrium isotherms were estimated via linear and nonlinear regression analyses.The linear equation as the functions of the adsorption concentration of the single compound in its solution and the competitive adsorption of the single compound in its mixed compounds solution was then expressed,and the adsorption equilibrium data were correlated to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.The mixture compounds show competitive adsorption on the specific binding sites of quercetin-MIP.Furthermore,the competitive Langmuir isotherms were applied to the mixture compounds.The adsorption concentrations of quercetin,( )catechin( C),and(-)epicatechin(EC)on the quercetin molecular imprinted polymer were compared.The quercetin-imprinted polymer shows extraordinarily higher adsorption ability for quercetin than for the two catechin compounds that were also assessed.     

限域于SBA-15孔道内的活性相聚集形态

针对Pd/SBA-15和MoO3/SBA-15两类催化剂样品,使用N2物理吸附手段对比研究了限域于介孔SBA-15分子筛孔道内活性相Pd与MoO3的聚集形态.结果表明,金属Pd以颗粒状形态分布在SBA-15分子筛孔道内,氧化物MoO3则以层状形态存在.并用高分辨透射电镜验证了此分析结果.     

各向同性多晶Al、Cu、Ta的超声物态方程

 利用“超声脉冲重合法”测量了多晶Al、Cu、Ta的弹性模量及其压力的偏导数。由Birch-Murnaghan物态方程得到的三种金属的等温线与冲击波等温线作了比较。