Bonding of Hydroxyl and Epoxy Groups on Graphene： Insights from Density Functional Calculations

Density functional theory and GGA-PW91 exchange correlation function were performed to simulate the bonding behavior of hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the graphene surface. We compared the different binding energies for two epoxy groups, as well as one hydroxyl group and one epoxy group on all possible positions within a 6-fold ring, respectively. The calculated results suggest that two oxygen-containing groups always tend to bind with the neighboring carbon atoms at the opposite sides. Moreover, two hydroxyl groups on the meta position are unstable, and one of the hydroxyl groups easily migrates to the para position. In contrast to the disperse arrangement, the aggregation of multiply hydroxyl groups largely enhances the binding energy of every hydroxyl group. It is worth noting that the binding sites and hydrogen bonds play an important role in stability. Our work further points out the number of oxygen-containing groups and the location of oxide region largely influence the electronic properties of graphene oxide.     

膨胀石墨负载钯纳米颗粒催化六价铬还原反应

采用高分子辅助的浸渍还原法,制备得到膨胀石墨(EG)负载的纳米钯催化剂(Pd-EG),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂组成、结构、形貌和价态进行了表征,并考察了Pd-EG催化剂在六价铬还原反应中的活性.结果表明,催化剂中纳米钯颗粒均匀分散在膨胀石墨上,平均粒径为4.37 nm,金属负载量质量分数为0.446%.该催化剂对六价铬还原反应具有良好的催化性能,可将六价铬完全转化为三价铬,在pH=4.0及45℃条件下反应转化频率(TOF)达到3186 h-1;催化剂经过多次重复使用后的活性仍保持稳定.     

石墨烯包覆天然球形石墨作为锂离子电池的负极材料，是否需要乙炔黑导电剂？

我们通过包覆炭化的方法制备得到了石墨烯包覆的天然球形石墨(G/SG)材料,并使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及多种电化学测试手段考察了不同石墨烯含量的复合材料的形貌结构及电化学性能。我们发现,在不添加乙炔黑(AB)的情况下,G/SG复合材料表现出较高的首次库伦效率,很好的循环稳定性和高倍率性能。当石墨烯包覆量为1%时,材料50次循环后的可逆容量可与添加10%AB的天然石墨电极(SG)等同;当石墨烯包覆量为2.5%时,材料的比容量完全高于添加10%AB的石墨电极。材料电化学性能的改善归因于石墨烯的包覆。一方面,石墨烯的柔软可变性可以保证天然石墨颗粒在充放电过程中的结构完整性,从而有效改善材料的循环稳定性;另一方面,石墨烯的存在提高了电极的导电性,促进更好导电网络的形成。因此,石墨烯包覆天然球形石墨材料中,石墨烯不仅是活性物质,也发挥导电剂的作用。当添加5%的乙炔黑时,在50 mA·g^-1电流循环50次后,5%G/SG电极的可逆容量从381.1 mAh·g^-1提高到404.5 mAh·g^-1,在1 A·g^-1电流时可逆容量从82.5 mAh·g^-1提高到101.9 mAh·g^-1,这表明G/SG电极仍然需要乙炔黑导电剂。乙炔黑颗粒填充在复合材料的空隙中,通过点接触的形式连接到G/SG颗粒,与石墨烯协同作用形成了更加有效的导电网络。尽管石墨烯包覆和乙炔黑添加对天然石墨电极具有积极的影响,例如增加了天然石墨电极的导电性和储锂性能(包括可逆容量,倍率性能和循环性能),但随着石墨烯或乙炔黑的增加,电极密度通常会降低。因此,在实际应用中应考虑石墨负极材料的质量和体积容量的平衡。这些结果对天然石墨的进一步商业应用具有重要意义。我们的工作为天然石墨电极在锂电池中的电化学行为提供了一种新的认识,并且有助于制备更高性能的负极材料。     

含异原子石墨炔基电极材料的研究进展

碳材料具有价格低廉、 易制备、 环境友好、 导电性高、 比表面积大以及适合离子存储和迁移等优点, 已成为目前应用于电化学储能器件电极的重要材料之一. 石墨炔(GDY)是一种新型的二维碳同素异形体, 由sp²碳杂化形式的苯环和sp碳杂化形式的炔键构成. 这种独特的化学结构一方面保持了碳材料良好的导电特性, 另一方面形成了新颖的离子传输通道, 为碳材料带来了不同的离子传输和存储特性. 与此同时, 由于石墨炔的空间结构可调性, 可以通过引入异原子微调石墨炔电子结构, 拓展石墨炔在电极材料领域的应用. 本文重点对近几年异原子杂化石墨炔基电极材料在锂离子电池、 钠离子电池、 金属硫电池、 电容器、 金属空气电池和电极保护等储能领域的研究工作进行总结, 并对未来石墨炔类材料在储能领域的发展进行了展望.     

原子吸收光谱分析法测定补钙剂中钙含量

利用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计对两种葡萄糖酸钙口服液中的钙进行了检测,分析了口服液中钙的含量。该方法准确便捷,为特定溶液样品中各种微量元素的检测提供了一条很好的途径。     

第二届东方胶化杯全国胶体与界面化学优秀青年学者奖评选通知

<正>宗旨为促进我国胶体与界面化学的发展,鼓励这一领域青年学者的创新进取,经研究决定自2013年起设立全国胶体与界面化学优秀青年学者奖,以表彰胶体与界面化学领域的青年优秀人才。申请资格与范围全国范围内各大学、科研机构内具有中国国籍的胶体与界面化学研究人员(不含博士后)均有资格申     

高压湿法消解样品-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中的镉

镉是一种有蓄积毒性的有害元素,半衰期长达10~30a,可对人体肝或肾脏造成损害,尤以对肾脏损害最为明显,另外,镉也是一种致癌物质。1973年,联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)在食品添加剂和污染物会议上把镉列为必须监测项目,我国的食品安全机构也将镉列为重点监测元素。在样品制备过程中,传统的湿法消解耗时长、劳动强度大并且试剂空白偏高,与现代光谱仪器分析     

Ceric ammonium nitrate supported HY-zeolite：An efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes

Ceric ammonium nitrate （CAN） supported HY-zeolite has been used as an efficient catalyst for the one- pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes from the readily available 1,3-diketone and aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. The present methodology is cost-effective in addition to other advantages like high yields of products in shorter reaction time and simple workup procedure without the use of any injurious solvents.     

Analysis of nitrobenzene compounds in water and soil samples by graphene composite-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

In this work, solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed to determine trace levels of nitrobenzene compounds in water and soil samples. Graphene was chosen as the extraction material and its composite was coated on a stainless steel wire through sol–gel technique for the solid phase microextraction. The key parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the linearity for the compounds was observed in the range of 0.02–15.0 mg/L for water samples, and 0.2–60.0 mg/kg for soil samples, with the correlation coefficients（r） of 0.9966–0.9987. The limits of detection of the method were 0.0025–0.005 mg/L for water samples, and 0.02–0.04 mg/kg for soil samples. The recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 72.0%–113.2%, and the precision, expressed as the relative standard deviations, was less than 12.1%.     

3D amorphous carbon and graphene co-modified LiFePO4 composite derived from polyol process as electrode for high power lithium-ion batteries

Amorphous carbon and graphene co-modified LiFePO_4 nanocomposite has been synthesized via a facile polyol process in connection with a following thermal treatment.Various characterization techniques,including XRD.Mossbauer spectra,Raman spectra,SEM,TEM,BET,O_2-TPO,galvano charge-discharge,CV and EIS were applied to investigate the phase composition,carbon content,morphological structure and electrochemical performance of the synthesized samples.The effect of introducing way of carbon sources on the properties and performance of LiFePO_4/C/graphene composite was paid special attention.Under optimized synthetic conditions,highly crystalized olivine-type LiFePO_4was successfully obtained with electron conductive Fe_2P and FeP as the main impurity phases.SEM and TEM analyses demonstrated the graphene sheets were randomly distributed inside the sample to create an open structured LiFePO_4 with respect to graphene,while the glucosederived carbon mainly coated over LiFeP04 particles which effectively connected the graphene sheets and LiFePO_4 particles to result in a more efficient charge transfer process.As a result,favorable electrochemical performance was achieved.The performance of the amorphous carbon-graphene co-modified LiFePO_4 was further progressively improved upon cycling in the first 200 cycles to reach a reversible specificcapacity as high as 97 mAh·g~(-1) at 10 C rate.