超支化双亲水性嵌段共聚物对CaCO3结晶影响的研究

采用合成的聚乙二醇-超支化聚酯(PEG-hb-DMPA)的线性-超支化杂化二嵌段共聚物, 探讨了羧端基树状功能化的杂化嵌段共聚物对CaCO₃结晶的影响，并用FTIR、XRD、SEM等对产物进行了表征。结果表明，羧端基的双亲水性嵌段共聚物对CaCO₃结晶形貌乃至晶型均具有显著调控作用，比较高的浓度(1.67 g·L^-1, >10 min)或较低浓度作用较长时间(0.33 g·L^-1, 24 h)均得到了呈较均匀球粒形态的球霰石CaCO₃结晶。     

Preparation of Small Particle Sized ZnAl-Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds by Ultrasonic Crystallization

Ultrasonic technology has been intensively studied recently due to its special features. In this paper, an ultrasonic crystallization method was introduced for the preparation of ZnAl-Hydrotalcite-Like compounds (ZnAl-HTLcs). Samples with high crystallinity, small particle size and narrow particle size distribution were obtained and fully characterized using conventional techniques of XRD, FT-IR and TGDTA. The results prove that both ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic power have effects on the sizes of the product particles. By varying the ultrasonic power from 250 W to 88 W, with the ultrasonic frequency fixed at 59 kHz, the median particle size of the samples increased from 0.37 μm to 0.82 μm. By altering the hydrothermal treatment time from 1 h to 5 h at 110℃, the median particle size of ZnAl-HTLcs synthesized via ultrasonic crystallization increased from 0.88 μm to 1.11 μm.     

聚偏氟乙烯取向薄膜的结晶形态

本文用小角激光散射法研究了聚偏氟乙烯薄膜在拉伸取向过程中晶体形态及结构的变化。拉伸使球晶形变为椭球,同时伴随着局部熔融与重结晶过程,散射图案由原来的四叶瓣发展为八叶瓣。红外测量及X-射线衍射分析表明,拉伸引起分子链构象改变,使晶型发生了转变。     

高聚物非等温结晶动力学

由于等温ＤＳＣ法测定结晶动力学参数在实验上存在着一定的局限性，这些缺点可通过非等温ＤＳＣ法来克服。本文基于上述观点介绍了高聚物非等温结晶动力学的理论和实验方法，并对影响动力学过程的一些因素进行了讨论，对非等温结晶动力学的最新情况及发展倾向，应用情况作了介绍。     

关于超高分子量聚丙烯超拉伸膜的结构性能的研究——Ⅰ.拉伸取向过程的表征

 用超高分子量聚丙烯的对二甲苯溶液中冷却析出的结晶沉积压制成的结晶垫,经热拉伸制备了不同拉伸倍数的薄膜.与用低分子量聚丙烯制备的结晶垫或熔融结晶物不同,超高分子量聚丙烯的结晶垫显示出极高的拉伸变形性能,因而制得了高达69倍的拉伸样品.WAXD照片表明在未拉伸的结晶垫中,微晶的c轴沿结晶垫法线方向择优取向,但仅经2-4倍的拉伸,微晶即发生破裂,且产生的较小的折叠链微晶已转向沿拉伸轴方向取向;晶区取向因子在拉伸过程中迅速增加并在较低拉伸倍数下即接近于理想取向.但非晶区取向因子在整个拉伸领域中增加缓慢.随拉伸倍数的增大,晶粒尺寸D₁₁₀及D₀₄₀逐渐减小;而长周期L逐渐增加.这表明在高倍拉伸样品中存在着折叠链被从片晶中拉出并部分形成伸直链结晶的转变.     

LB膜诱导Ba(NO3)2晶体取向生长

In this work, Ba(NO₃)₂ crystals with single crystal face were induced by using the the method of bio-mimetic mineralization and double LB films of behenic acid (BA) as the template. The crystals were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The crystals were observed in regular square shape with uniform size about 5～8 μm by SEM, and they were found by XRD to grow along the (111) plane. From these experiments, we can conclude that the good selection of the (111) crystal face of Ba(NO₃)₂ is due to the electrostatic interactions , the match between this crystal face and the definite lattice structure of the LB films.     

非晶SiO2纳米灯笼的制备和表征

在1000 ℃用活性炭把二氧化锡粉末还原成单质锡, 锡作为催化剂, 硅片作为硅源同时作为收集衬底, 在硅片上制备出了非晶SiO2纳米灯笼. 灯笼的一端连在硅片上, 另一端为一个锡球, 中间是一些圆弧状的SiO2纳米线把两端相连. 纳米灯笼具有良好的对称性. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED) 和HRTEM自带的能谱分析仪(EDS)对样品的表面形貌、微观结构和成分进行了分析研究. 结果表明, 灯笼中SiO2纳米线为非晶态, 结点是晶态锡, 结点表面覆盖一层非晶态的硅的氧化物. 结合实验条件对纳米灯笼的生长机理进行了讨论, 提出了纳米灯笼生长的一个模型.     

热处理对聚乙烯／炭黑导电复合体系形态结构及PTC特性的影响

借助ＷＡＸＤ、ＳＡＸＤ和ＤＳＣ等手段研究了炭黑与聚乙烯复合体系在不同热处理条件下的结晶行为及聚集态结构的大尺寸效应对ＰＴＣ特性的影响。由此提出，不仅结晶度大小，而且聚集大尺寸效应性能对ＰＴＣ行性有重要影响的新观点。     

THERMAL PROPERTY, MISCIBILITY AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF POLY（3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-co- 3-YDROXYHEXANOATE） AND POLY（BUTYLENE SUCCINATE-ADIPATE） （PHBHHX/PBSA） BLENDS

Blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and poly(butylene succinate-adipate) (PBSA), both biodegradable semicrystalline polyesters, were prepared with the ratio of PHBHHx/PBSA ranging from 80/20 to 20/80 by melt mixing method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and wide angle X-ray diffractometer (WAXD) were used to study the miscibility and crystallization behavior of PHBHHx/PBSA blends. Experimental results indicate that PHBHHx is immiscible with PBSA as shown by the almost unchanged glass transition temperature and the biphasic melt.     

分子量对聚丙烯等温结晶的影响

<正> 在高聚物结晶动力学的研究中,分子量对结晶速率的影响是一个有实际意义和理论兴趣的研究课题,由于聚烯烃可以得到分子量变化范围相当宽(MW从10~3到10~6)的试样,因而它是研究结晶速率分子量依赖性较合适的对象,其中研究最多的是聚乙烯和聚丙烯。从前入的研究报道看来,影响聚丙烯结晶速率的因素比聚乙烯要复杂。除了聚丙烯可生成多种晶型结构,会影响其结晶速率以外,用不同聚合方法制备的试样,由于其链结