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量子比特可借助于各种物理量进行编码，例如，光子的极化态，原子的自旋态等．为了使量子比特实际有用，它们与外部世界的随机耦合（退相干效应）必须被尽力避免．光子在传输的进程中本征退相干效应极小．但是，当光信号在光纤中传输时，它的强度会衰减．衰减的程度随传输距离以指数方式增大，例如，15km衰减到1／2，100km衰减到1／100．对于经典通信来说，中继器起放大信号的作用．但是，经典中继器不能被用于量子通信，因为它的噪声太大，以至于产生太多的错误量子比特．正在被研发的量子中继器，实际上是一个量子微处理器．它能够存储和处理一个一个的量子比特，并保证量子态的高保真复现。     

多普勒效应测试仪的改进

为了解决电磁波多普勒效应在实验室演示的困难，采用单片机和一系列大规模集成电路设计了一种演示电磁波多普勒效应的测试仪器，分析了电磁波的多普勒效应原理，给出了该仪器的组成结构，介绍了该仪器铁特点。     

Isospin Effect of Charged Particle Multiplicity in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

The dependences of He and intermediate mass fragments (IMF) production rates in the reactions 55 MeV/u ^40Ar ^58,64 Ni on the isospin, impact parameter and primary excitation energy of the reaction nuclear system were studied by using the 4π charged particle multi-detector array system (MUDAL). For the mentioned two reaction systems, the measured He particle contribution in the total charged particle multiplicity increases with increasing the total charged particle multiplicity but for the contribution of IMFs in the total charged particle multiplicity increases with increasing the total charged particle multiplicity at lower total charged particle multiplicities, and latter on it drops down with further increasing of the total charged particle multiplicities (see Fig.l). The experimental results of these two reaction systems with the same nuclear charge indicate that the contribution of He and IMFs in the total charged particle multiplicities are obviously isospin dependent.     

CdSe和ZnO量子点的拉曼光谱研究

本文介绍了用拉曼光谱研究CdSe和ZnO两种Ⅱ Ⅳ族量子点材料的结果,对拉曼峰进行了指认。观察到的光学声子峰位的移动被认为是由量子限制效应引起。     

台湾网柱细胞粘菌生物多样性之研究

台湾地处亚热带,具备特殊地形地质,气候变化复杂,森林植被丰富,蕴育各种真菌资源.细胞粘菌广泛分布于自然界中,尤以森林土壤出现之种类最多.有关网柱细胞粘菌(dictyostelid cellular slime molds)生物多样性的调查,自1980年即陆续展开.目前自台湾平地至高山各地区之森林土壤样品中,所分离的网柱细胞粘菌物种多样性共已鉴定出1科3属18种,分别为细长纤管细胞粘菌(Acytostelium leptosomum)、巨大头网柱细胞粘菌(Dictyostelium macrocephalum)、布列菲氏网柱细胞粘菌(D.brefeldianum)、巨网柱细胞粘菌(D.giganteum)、金黄柄网柱细胞粘菌(D.aureo-stipes var.aureo-stipes)、浅紫网柱细胞粘菌(D.lavandulum)、单叉网柱细胞粘菌(D.monochasioides)、多头网柱细胞粘菌(D.polycephalum)、紫色网柱细胞粘菌(D.purpureum)、根足网柱细胞粘菌(D.rhizopodium)、纤细网柱细胞粘菌(D.delicatum)、淡紫柄网柱细胞粘菌(D.coeruleo-stipes)、细小网柱细胞粘菌(D.minutum)、棍棒头网柱细胞粘菌(D.clavatum)、微小型网柱细胞粘菌(D.exiguum)、透明轮生细胞粘菌(Polysphondylium pallidum)、伪纯白轮生细胞粘菌(P.pseudo-candidum)和紫色轮生细胞粘菌(P.violaceum).网柱细胞粘菌生态多样性的探讨,则于2000年10月至2001年8月,在台北阳明山地区鹿角坑生态保护区、小油坑芒草植被、及包箨箭竹林植被设立30个样区,每2个月采集土壤样品一次,结果鹿角坑生态保护区出现6个菌种,在3种植被样区中占最多数,且以8月份各菌种之出现频率最高.网柱细胞粘菌在阳明山出现频率以夏季出现频率较高,冬季出现频率较低.土壤样品之pH值亦影响网柱细胞粘菌在该地区之分布,包箨箭竹植被之土壤样品pH值最低为3.8,该植被区之菌种出现频率最低.透明轮生细胞粘菌(P.pallidum)普遍存在于3种植被样区中,出现频率随季节之变化小,为该地区最广泛分布之种类.此外,将台湾所分离而得的网柱细胞粘菌种类(纯培养菌株),抽取基因体DNA(genomicDNA),以二对引子(primer)从事核醣体DNA(rDNA)片段ITS1-5.8S-ITS2区域增幅作用,经DNA序列定序后,分析探讨台湾网柱细胞粘菌种类之遗传多样性和亲缘关系.     

Origin of the 420 nm Absorption Band and Effect of Doping Fluorine in PbWO4 Crystals

The electronic structures for three types of PbW04 (PWO) crystals, the perfect PWO, the PWO containing lead vacancy (PWO-Vpb) and fluorine doped PWO crystal (F^-：PWO), are systematically studied within the framework of density functional theory. The computational results show that the Pb 6s state situates below the valence band so that Pb^2 ions are unable to trap holes forming Pb^3 or Pb^4 to compensate for VPb^2-. The hole-trappers in PWO-Vpb are O^2- ions. Two of the longer-bond O^2- ions share a hole forming O2^3-, and four of the longer-bond oxygen ions trap two holes forming an associated color centre [O2^3--Vpb-O2^3-], which may be the origin of the 42Onto absorption band. It is also concluded that the doping of F^- would reduce the band gap and F^- ions substituting for O^2- can effectively restrict the formation of [O2^3--Vpb-O2^3-] and weaken the 42Onm absorption band and hence enhance the scintillation property of PWO.     

Raman properties embeddedof GaSb nanoparticlesin SiO2 films

The Raman shifts of nanocrystalline GaSb excited by an Ar^ ion laser at wavelengths 514.5, 496.5, 488.0, 476.5,and 457.9nm are studied by an SPEX-1403 laser Raman spectrometer respectively, and they are explained by phonon confinement, tensile stress, resonant Raman scattering and quantum size effects. The Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra of GaSb nanocrystals strongly support the Raman feature of GaSb nanocrystals. The calculated optical spectra compare well with experimental data on Raman scattering GaSb nanocrystals.     

浅淡多普勒效应

列车进站时，我们听到汽笛声不仅越来越大，而且音调变高；列车离去时，汽笛声不仅越来越小，而且音调变低．反之，若声源未动而观察者运动，或者声源和观察者同时在相对运动，也会发生观测频率与波源频率不一致的现象．由于波源或观察者的运动而出现观测频率与波