社会评价模型研究

本文利用社会选择理论、行为理论和委托代理理论的基本原理和方法采用模型化的方式研究社会评价，分析了我国在权威机构评价方面存在的误区及其形成的原因，对我国社会评价的实现途径和制度创新问题进行了探讨。     

高校教学质量评价的属性识别法

阐述了高校教学质量评价的属性识别法.并应用此方法对普通高等学校的教学质量进行评价,指出了属性识别理论与模糊综合评判方法相比的优越之处.为普通高等学校教学质量评价提供了一种量化处理的方法.     

石墨烯导热性能及其测试方法

石墨烯以其独特的结构和优异的性能引起人们广泛的关注。本文通过总结近期国内外石墨烯导热工作研究进展,梳理了石墨烯的导热机理,根据导热机理指出缺陷、基底、石墨烯边缘是影响石墨烯热导率的主要因素。综述了采用分子动力学及非平衡态格林函数方法进行石墨烯热导率模型计算的研究成果,并在模型的基础上,全面阐述了实验方面针对不同层数石墨烯热导率的测试方法及结果。     

暗能量:观测证据和理论研究

自1998年发现宇宙的加速膨胀以来,大量的天文观测显示宇宙中存在压强为负的暗能量成分.暗能量已经成为目前宇宙学和理论物理的最重要的研究课题之一.文章介绍了暗能量存在的天文观测证据和理论研究现状与展望.     

基于APOS理论的“一次函数(1)”教学设计

<正>美国教育家杜宾斯基在上世纪80年代提出了一种关于数学概念教学的理论模型.他认为数学概念的建立应该包含以下四个阶段:活动(Action)、程序(Process)、对象(Object)、图示(Scheme),取四个阶段的英文首字母,命名为APOS理论.APOS理论认为,学生学习数学概念的过程是一种自我心理的建构过程.因此,在数学概念的教学中,教师应努力引导学生经过思维的操作、过程和对象等多个阶段,使学生在自主建构和不断反思的基咄上,把概念组成图示,不断经过同化过程,完善自己的知识结构,顺利完成对概念的理解和掌握.     

三类白细胞核孔筛滤试验的双参数模型

白细胞核孔筛滤试验是估计白细胞变形性的主要方法之一．我们对这一试验的三类情形提出了生物流体力学模型，这三类情形是：（i）自身重力过滤；（ii）恒压过滤；（iii）恒流量过滤．在以前的模型中，细胞阻力被假定为一常数，而在本文中，我们考虑细胞阻力时，同时顾及了驱动压力和白细胞个体变形性差异的影响．而且，我们在Moessmer实验基础上，对多形核粒性白细胞通过核孔的时间假定了一个概率分布函数．最后我们得到了以上三种情形的数值解，第一种情形的解与实验结果的对比是令人满意的．文中的双参数，A和B，代表了不同压力下白细胞变形性的不同．     

吸气剂在高真空多层绝热LNG槽车内吸附性能研究

为了利用吸附等温线理论模型模拟高真空多层绝热LNG槽车内吸气剂的吸附过程,对在真空技术中常用的等温式进行了分析研究。通过实验获得吸气剂在室温下的吸氢等温线,同时利用实验数据得到考虑分子间作用力的BET模型中的参数值。将模型结果与实验数据进行对比分析,结果表明:考虑分子间作用力的BET模型不能用作高真空多层绝热LNG槽车真空夹层内吸气剂吸附量的计算。利用Temkin和Freundlich等温式分段对实验数据进行拟合,对于1#吸气剂,拟合方程式计算得出的吸附量与实验数据的相对误差仅为2.6%,表明拟合方程能够对吸气剂在室温下的吸氢量进行准确预测。     

氧分压对固体氧化物电解池性能的影响

High-temperature (700–900 ℃) steam electrolysis based on solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is valuable as an efficient and clean path for large-scale hydrogen production with nearly zero carbon emissions, compared with the traditional paths of steam methane reforming or coal gasification. The operation parameters, in particular the feeding gas composition and pressure, significantly affect the performance of the electrolysis cell. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics model of an SOEC is built to predict the electrochemical performance of the cell with different sweep gases on the oxygen electrode. Sweep gases with different oxygen partial pressures between 1.01 × 10³ and 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa are fed to the oxygen electrode of the cell, and the influence of the oxygen partial pressure on the chemical equilibrium and kinetic reactions of the SOECs is analyzed. It is shown that the rate of increase of the reversible potential is inversely proportional to the oxygen partial pressure. Regarding the overpotentials caused by the ohmic, activation, and concentration polarization, the results vary with the reversible potential. The Ohmic overpotential is constant under different operating conditions. The activation and concentration overpotentials at the hydrogen electrode are also steady over the entire oxygen partial pressure range. The oxygen partial pressure has the largest effect on the activation and concentration overpotentials on the oxygen electrode side, both of which decrease sharply with increasing oxygen partial pressure. Owing to the combined effects of the reversible potential and polarization overpotentials, the total electrolysis voltage is nonlinear. At low current density, the electrolysis cell shows better performance at low oxygen partial pressure, whereas the performance improves with increasing oxygen partial pressure at high current density. Thus, at low current density, the best sweep gas should be an oxygen-deficient gas such as nitrogen, CO₂, or steam. Steam is the most promising because it is easy to separate the steam from the by-product oxygen in the tail gas, provided that the oxygen electrode is humidity-tolerant. However, at high current density, it is best to use pure oxygen as the sweep gas to reduce the electric energy consumption in the steam electrolysis process. The effects of the oxygen partial pressure on the power density and coefficient of performance of the SOEC are also discussed. At low current density, the electrical power demand is constant, and the efficiency decreases with growing oxygen partial pressure, whereas at high current density, the electrical power demand drops, and the efficiency increases.