Two-dimensional relativistic electromagnetic dromion-like soliton in a cold transparent plasma

By using a standard multiple scale method, a Davey--Stewartson (DS) equation has been derived and also applied to a multi-dimensional analytical investigation on the interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse with a cold unmagnetized transparent electron-ion plasma. The regions of instability are found by considering the modulation instability of a plane wave solution of the DS equation. The DS equation is just of the Davey--Stewartson 1 (DS1) type and admits a dromion solution, i.e. a two-dimensional (2D) dromion soliton decaying exponentially in all spatial directions. A 2D relativistic electromagnetic dromion-like soliton (2D REDLS) is derived for a vector potential.     

Xe-Kr laser induced collisional ionization system and experimental preparation of its initial state: Four-photon resonant excitation

This paper proposes a novel one-colour Xe-Kr laser induced collisional ionization system. Considering the level scheme of the system, it finds that the initial state of the reaction--the four 4f levels with even J of Xe-can be prepared through method of four-photon resonant excitation by dye laser with wavelength of -440 nm. Absorption of an additional photon （the transfer laser） of the same wavelength will complete the laser induced collisional ionization process. The resonance enhanced ionization spectrum of Xe by four laser photons at -440nm is measured through time-of-flight mass spectrometry, this aims at the preparation of the initial state of the system proposed. The Stark broadening of the measured spectrum is observed and consistent with the previous study. Analysis of the measured resonance ionization spectrum implies the feasibility of -440 nm four-photon resonant excitation of the initial 4f state of the Xe Kr system proposed in this paper, which prepares for a further experiment of laser induced collisional ionization.     

等效重力加速度在解题中的妙用

在应用物理学理论求解有关运动规律的题目时,若能巧妙利用等效法,不仅能将复杂问题简洁化,令学习者体会物理学简洁之美,还能消除学生对物理学的畏惧心理,从而激起学生学习物理学的热情.笔者在教学中总结出用等效重力加速度求解有关方面题目的方法,现整理如下.     

Trend of extreme precipitation events over China in last 40 years

Using the daily precipitation data of 740 stations in China from 1960 to 2000, the analysis on the variations and distributions of the frequency and the percentage of extreme precipitation to the annual rainfall have been performed in this paper. Results indicate that the percentage of heavy rains （above 25mm/day） in the annual rainfall has increased, while on average the day number of heavy rains has slightly reduced during the past 40 years. In the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s, both the number of days with extreme precipitation and the percentage of extreme precipitation abruptly changed over China, especially in the northern China. By moving t test, the abrupt change year of extreme precipitation for each station and its spatial distribution over the whole country are also obtained. The abrupt change years concentrated in 1978-1982 for most regions of northern China while occurred at various stations in southern China in greatly different/diverse years. Besides the abrupt change years of extreme precipitation at part stations of Northwest China happened about 5 years later in comparison with that of the country＇s average.     

关于使用"大学物理学"教程的几点体会

通过近一年的“大学物理学”教材的使用，开始逐步学习到了在教学中怎样建立与培养学生科学研究的意识以及进行科学研究的操练，同时也目睹了研究性教学所发挥的潜在作用．     

新型太阳能电池——染料敏化太阳能电池研制进展

能源问题是当今世界各国共同面临的严重问题;寻求低污染、可持续使用绿色能源是世界各国科学家共同关注的问题.太阳能不仅是地球几十亿年来,推动自然界种种演化的基本动力,也是当今人类实现可持续发展最可靠的能源,但是长期以来人们仅仅靠太阳自然照射状态下,通过植物吸收、风云雨雪变化利用太阳能,物理学的发展,尤其是半导体材料的创造,开创了人类用科技手段进行太阳能发电的道路.     

物理系毕业的共和国两弹一星元勋

■王淦昌Wang Ganchang(1907-1998)核物理学家.江苏常熟人.1929年毕业于清华大学物理学系,是物理学系第一批毕业生之一.1933年获德国柏林大学博士学位.20世纪40年代初提出通过轻原子核俘获K壳层电子释放中微子时产生的反冲中微子的创造性实验方法.20世纪50年代领导建立了云南落     

基本物理常数概述及牛顿引力常数的测量

据不完全统计,基本物理常数有160余个之多,覆盖物理学各个领域。自国际科学技术数据委员会(CODATA)1973年首次发表国际推荐值以来,至今已发表了6次推荐值。文章介绍了基本物理常数的分类以及近期发表的基本物理常数领域的主要成就。这些成就及新的突破对物理学和计量学具有重要的意义。牛顿引力常数是测量万有引力的重要常数,具有深远的意义,但其数值极小,因此测量难度很大;二百余年来,科学家精益求精,不断更新方法,以求减小其测量的不确定度。     

Contrast Adaptation Decreases Complexity in Retinal Ganglion Cell Spike Train

The difference in temporal structures of retinal ganglion cell spike trains between spontaneous activity and firing activity after contrast adaptation is investigated. The Lempel-Ziv complexity analysis reveals that the complexity of the neural spike train decreases after contrast adaptation. This implies that the behaviour of the neuron becomes ordered, which may carry relevant information about the external stimulus. Thus, during the neuron activity after contrast adaptation, external information could be encoded in forms of some certain patterns in the temporal structure of spike train that is significantly different, compared to that of the spike train during spontaneous activity, although the firing rates in spontaneous activity and firing activity after contrast adaptation are sometime similar.