针对现役机组的CO_2捕集系统优化集成

本文在深入分析国内已建电站CO_2捕获性能及能耗分布特点的基础上,就国内600 MW燃煤碳捕获电站普遍存在的能耗高等问题提出了系统集成优化方案.该方案通过汽水系统与脱碳流程的有效集成,实现了余压和中低温热的有效利用,同时降低了化学吸收法脱碳流程对汽水系统安全性的冲击.根据本文的分析,最终可实现现役600 MW电厂加入CO_2捕获系统后,全厂效率提高4个百分点左右.本文提出的思路和方法,为CO_2大规模减排,脱碳电站效率提高提供了一些新的思路和学术见解.     

铈锰负载钛基柱撑黏土脱除单质汞的研究

用膨润土制备钛基柱撑黏土(Ti-PILC),并以之为载体通过浸渍法制得负载型铈锰钛基柱撑黏土(Ce-MnO_x/TiPILC)。采用BET、XRD、XPS等分析方法对材料进行表征,并进行Ce-MnO_x/Ti-PILC材料脱除烟气中单质汞的活性实验。结果表明,6%Ce-6%MnO_x/Ti-PILC具有良好的结构特征和脱汞活性;材料对单质汞的脱除是通过吸附和催化氧化实现的;催化氧化过程遵从Mars-Maessen机制。     

PM2.5 in China： Measurements,sources, visibility and health effects,and mitigation

Concern over the health effects of fine particles in the ambient environment led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop the first standard for PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm） in 1997. The Particle Technology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota has helped to establish the PM2.5 standard by developing many instruments and samplers to perform atmospheric measurements. In this paper, we review various aspects of PM2.5, including its measurement, source apportionment, visibility and health effects, and mitigation. We focus on PM2.s studies in China and where appropriate, compare them with those obtained in the U.S. Based on accurate PM2.5 sampling, chemical analysis, and source apportionment models, the major PM2.5 sources in China have been identified to be coal combustion, motor vehicle emissions, and industrial sources. Atmospheric visibility has been found to correlate well with PM2.s concentration. Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate carried by PM2.s, commonly found in coal burning and vehicle emissions, are the dominant contributors to regional haze in China. Short-term exposure to PM2.s is strongly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in China. The strategy for PMzs mitigation must be based on reducing the pollutants from the two primary sources of coal-fired power plants and vehicle emissions. Although conventional Particulate Emission Control Devices （PECD） such as electrostatic precipitators in Chinese coal-fired power plants are generally effective for large particles, most of them may not have high collection efficiency of PM2.5. Baghouse filtration is gradually incorporated into the PECD to increase the PM2.5 collection efficiency. By adopting stringent vehicle emissions standard such as Euro 5 and 6, the emissions from vehicles can be gradually reduced over the years. An integrative approach, from collaboration among academia, government, and industries, can effectively manage and mitigate the PM2.s p     

烟气脱硫脱硝的进展

本文综述了国内外燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝的技术发展状况，其中包括目前应用的常规脱硫脱硝技术，电子束处理烟气方法以及脉冲电晕等离子法，并对这些方法做了比较。     

小波变换在激光诱导击穿光谱压缩中的应用

将小波变换应用于8种燃煤的激光诱导击穿光谱数据的压缩,并通过考察db小波阶数、分解层数和阈值化方法等参数对压缩效果的影响,总结了压缩参数选取的规律,确定了较好的压缩方案。以压缩分数、恢复分数、谱线强度相对误差为衡量准则,比较了压缩前后谱图的差异,评价了压缩的效果。结果表明,在所选的较优方案下,8个煤样其1,2,5通道的谱图恢复分数RS为81%~99.96%,压缩分数CS为79.02%~92.07%,谱线相对误差均在5%之内,重构光谱与原始光谱基本一致,存储量减小。     

燃煤电站锅炉颗粒物排放特性的实验研究

本文对某燃煤电厂的两台锅炉除尘器前后的飞灰颗粒进行采样,研究了可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的排放浓度、质量粒径分布、排放特征、对静电除尘器的穿透率和锅炉运行负荷对其的影响.试验采用低压撞击器(LPI)按不同粒径大小从0.03～10μm共分为13级,分别采集燃烧后的可吸入颗粒物.研究表明,两台锅炉产生的PM10均呈双峰分布,其除尘器入口峰值分别在0.1μm和4.0μm左右,而出口峰值则为0.1μm和2.0μm;随着颗粒物粒径的减小,颗粒物对除尘器的穿透率是降低的,其中在0.2～0.6μm的穿透率达到一个峰值;相比除尘器入口,除尘器出口PM1和PM2.5的质量百分比都大大增加,这也是由于除尘器对飞灰中的大颗粒脱除效果更佳的原因造成的.随着锅炉运行负荷的降低,PM,10占总灰颗粒的质量百分比含量下降.     

1．2MV大功率直流高压电源研制

随着工业辐照加速器技术的发展，电子加速器应用范围已经扩展到环保领域，利用大功率电子束治理燃煤烟气的污染就是其中比较成功的例子。工业加速器的束功率通常约在100kW，而电子束烟气治理技术的束功率达到1MW以上，能量0．8～1．5MeV。大功率直流高压电源是此类加速器最重要的关键技术，是整个加速器能量转换效率的决定因素，是加速器稳定性、可靠性的基础，是决定加速器制造成本的关键。     

色谱－质谱－红外光谱联用系统研究原煤浸取液及燃煤烟气中环烃类有机污染物

采用美国惠普公司色谱－质谱－红外三联仪，研究了我国典型煤种──青山烟煤中二氯甲烷（ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２）的４１ｈ浸取液和８００℃燃烧排放烟气中脂环烃、苯系物、多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）等环烃类有机污染物的种类、组成及含量。并用ＰＡＨｓ标样对原煤浸取液和烟气中ＰＡＨｓ排放进行了定量评价。通过两种排放源中各有机污染物的组成和含量比较，获得了原煤及燃后烟气中环烃类有机污染物排放的一般规律。     

锅炉监测技术优化燃煤的燃烧

华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院副院长周怀春教授领导研发的670t／h燃煤锅炉炉内三维温度场实时监测技术13前通过鉴定。专家认为,该技术在大型电站锅炉具有很好的推广应用前景。据介绍,该技术通过对火焰辐射图像的处理,得到炉内三维温度分布;三维温度场刷新一次的时间不