十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵从碱性氰化液中固相萃取金的研究

建立了一种用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(BDMDAC)从碱性氰化液中固相萃取金的新方法:在碱性介质中,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵溶液(BDMDAC)与Au(CN)2-络阴离子生成离子缔合物,该离子缔合物可被反相键合硅胶固相萃取柱萃取、富集,用乙醇洗脱,反相键合硅胶固相萃取柱可重复使用。该方法用于从碱性氰化液中固相萃取痕量金,萃取回收率可超过98%。     

S→N烷基重排反应的机理和溶剂化效应

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法、从头算的MP2方法和自洽反应场极化连续模型(PCM),在6-311++G(2d,2p)基组水平上研究了N,N’-二甲基-S-异苯并呋喃在气相和溶液中发生S→N烷基重排反应的机理、溶剂效应和取代基效应.结果表明:该反应通过四元环机理和双位迁移机理生成产物,在气相和溶剂水中,双位迁移途径的能垒均比四元环途径低,反应主要通过双位迁移途径生成产物.在气相,苯环上发生-Cl,-NO2和-OCH3取代时,双位迁移途径的能垒在MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)水平上比没有取代时分别低4.18,7.61,4.96kJ/mol,反应的取代基效应不明显.而在溶剂水中,苯环上发生-Cl,-NO2和-OCH3取代时,双位迁移途径的能垒在PCM-MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)水平上比气相时分别低37.73,39.96和37.17kJ/mol,反应的溶剂化效应非常明显.理论研究结果与实验观察结果一致.     

固载化烷基咪唑离子液体对盐酸体系中Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附性能研究

分别将N-甲基咪唑和N-丁基咪唑通过共价键固定于树脂载体上,制备了固载化甲基咪唑离子液体(MCl)和固载化丁基咪唑离子液体(BCl),MCl和BCl可作为一种新型的强碱型阴离子交换树脂。研究了MCl和BCl对盐酸体系中Fe(III)的吸附性能,其吸附平衡时间为6h,拟二级动力学模型能更好地描述MCl和BCl对Fe(III)的吸附动力学过程;随着温度的升高,MCl和BCl对Fe(III)的吸附量增大,表明该过程是一个吸热反应,在298K时,MCl和BCl对Fe(III)的最大吸附量分别为24.9mg/g和71.1mg/g;随着盐酸浓度的增加,MCl和BCl对Fe(III)的吸附量增大,而且溶液中Cl-浓度的增加,也会提高MCl和BCl对Fe(III)的吸附量。MCl和BCl可从盐酸体系中回收Fe(III),而且BCl的效果要优于MCl。     

N-烷基丙烯酰胺温敏聚合物合成研究进展

聚N-烷基丙烯酰胺因表现出温度敏感的特殊性能而成为高分子领域的研究热点,具有非常好的应用潜力。本文评述了线性和聚凝胶化N-烷基丙烯酰胺温敏聚合物的合成研究进展,分别介绍了水溶液自由基聚合合成线性N-烷基丙烯酰胺温敏聚合物的研究进展和化学交联、物理交联、辐射交联聚合凝胶化N-烷基丙烯酰胺温敏聚合物的合成研究进展,并对线性温敏聚合物和凝胶化文敏聚合物合成方法优缺点、单体选择、应用范围进行了讨论。     

铑-ImiFerroPhos配合物对β-取代-α,β-不饱和磷酸酯的不对称氢化(英文)

将手性二茂铁双膦配体ImiFerroPhos应用到β-取代-α,β-不饱和磷酸酯的不对称氢化反应中,在温和的反应条件下,以高收率及较高对映选择性合成了一系列β-取代的手性磷酸酯,最高获得了92%的ee值.     

化学气相沉积法制备InSe纳米片及其近红外光探测性能

采用化学气相沉积法在云母衬底上制备了二维InSe纳米片, 研究了生长温度对二维InSe纳米片晶相、 形貌、 尺寸及厚度的影响. 构筑了基于二维InSe纳米片的光探测器并研究了其光探测性能, 结果表明, 在808 nm的近红外光辐照下, 其光响应度为1.5 A/W, 外量子效率为230%, 可探测度为3.1×10 ⁸ Jones(1 Jones=1 cm·Hz ^1/2·W ^-1), 上升和衰减时间分别为0.5 和0.8 s.     

可见光诱导烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧偶联反应研究进展

烷基羧酸广泛存在于自然界之中,科研工作者一直致力于开发以来源丰富的烷基羧酸及其衍生物作为起始原料的反应.烷基羧酸及其衍生物在可见光氧化还原作用下可以高效地生成烷基自由基,从而在温和条件下用于构筑各类化学键.以可见光催化烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧自由基反应类型为线索,系统地综述了近年来在可见光条件下烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧官能团化反应研究进展.     

烷基链工程对两亲有机半导体热力学性能影响的研究

Due to their special polar structure, amphiphilic molecules are simple to process, low in cost and excellent in material properties. Thus, they can be widely applied in the preparation of functional film materials and bionics related to cell membranes. Therefore, amphiphilic organic semiconductor materials are receiving increasing attention in research and industrial fields. The structure of organic amphiphilic semiconductor molecules usually consists of three functional parts: a hydrophilic group, a hydrophobic group, and a linking group between them. The adjustment of their correlation to achieve the target performance is particularly important and needs experimental discussion regarding synthetic methodologies. In this work, we focused on the engineering of a substituent alkyl-chain, and an amphiphilic functional molecule (benzo[b]benzo[4, 5] thieno[2, 3-d]thiophene, named C_nPA-BTBT, n = 3–11) was proposed and synthesized. This molecule links the hydrophobic semiconductor backbone and hydrophilic polar group through alkyl chains of different lengths. Fundamental properties were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) to conform the structure and the band gap properties of the designed organic semiconductor. Thermodynamic features were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and corresponding differential thermal gravity (DTG), which indicate that the functional molecule C_nPA-BTBT (n = 3–11) has a great stability in ambient conditions. Moreover, the results show that the binding ability of the amphiphilic molecule to water molecules was regulated by the odd-even alternating effect of the alkyl chain and the intramolecular coupling with BTBT. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) were used to study the material properties in detail. As the length of the alkyl chain increased, the functional molecule C_nPA-BTBT (n = 3–11) gradually changed from "hard" species with no thermodynamic changes to a transition one with a pair of thermodynamic peaks, and eventually to a "soft" one as a typical liquid crystal with clear observation of Maltese-cross spherulites. The cooling and freezing points were further studied, and the values and trends of their enthalpy and corresponding temperature fluctuated and alternated due to the volume effect, odd-even alternating effect, flexibility, and other functions of the alkyl chain. Three molecular models were proposed according to the thermodynamic study results, namely the brick-like model, transition model, and liquid crystal model. This work presents in-depth discussion on material structure and corresponding thermodynamic properties, and it is an experimental basis for the design, synthesis, optimization, and screening of target performance materials.     

“拟双子”阴离子表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的分子动力学模拟

采用全原子分子动力学模拟方法研究了壬基酚取代的系列烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的微观聚集行为,通过分析界面厚度、界面生成能和界面张力以及表面活性剂分子与水分子之间的径向分布函数和配位数,讨论了不同磺烷基链长度对壬基酚基取代烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂界面性质的影响.结果表明,磺烷基链长为12时,表面活性剂的界面张力最低,界面厚度和界面生成能最大.     

密度泛函理论研究碳链长度对氯化三烷基铵萃取氯化汞的影响

运用密度泛函理论方法研究了烷基碳链长度对氯化三烷基铵络合氯化汞的影响,计算结果表明,氯化三烷基铵与氯化汞的络合作用随着氯化三烷基铵中烷基碳链的增长而增强.通过对络合物的键长、Mayer键级和Mulliken电荷分析可知,电子富集在氯化三烷基铵的Cl原子上,并和Hg原子之间形成静电吸引作用.当烷基长度小于3时,烷基的电子效应影响较为明显,增强了原子之间的电子转移,使得络合物更稳定;当氯化三烷基铵烷基碳链长度大于3后,烷基链长对络合物中的电子转移不再有影响,络合物的稳定性受到烷基的几何效应影响更为明显.