激光诱导等离子体对水OH伸缩振动受激拉曼散射的影响

利用532 nm脉冲激光进行水的受激拉曼散射研究,通过改变激光焦点与水-空气界面的距离,获得截然不同的OH伸缩振动受激斯托克斯和反斯托克斯谱线.焦点距水-空气界面大于20 mm时,只存在±3400cm-1的斯托克斯和反斯托克斯谱线;焦点距离水-空气界面小于20 mm时,存在±3000和±3400cm-1的斯托克斯和反斯托克斯谱线;继续缩小焦点与水-空气界面的距离,3000 cm-1谱线被增强,而3400 cm-1谱线被削弱.研究结果表明,激光诱导水产生的等离子体增强了局部水分子的氢键,导致OH伸缩振动红移,同时过剩电子增强了水的OH伸缩振动受激拉曼散射.     

水分子体系中用解析函数拟合质子转移势能的理论研究

采用量子化学ab initio(4-31G基组)计算方法,求得水分子体系(H_2O…H~ …OH_2)在氢键取不同方向和长度情况下的质子转移势能,它们均具有双势阱特征.寻找合理的解析函数形式,拟合上述的ab initio计算结果,以扩大其适用性.拟合相关系数可达0.999.拟合参数受氢键取向影响不大,但对氢键长度变化较敏感.     

水分子在MoO3原子簇模型表面吸附的密度泛函研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在LANL2DZ基组上,计算了水分子吸附前后MoO3原子簇模型物的优化几何构型和电子结构,并进行了二级Mφller-Plesset微扰(MP2)相关能计算.结果表明,当水分子吸附于模型分子后,由于占据了MO5+空位,从原来留有空位的MoO5H4模型转变为MoO5H4·H2O模型的正八面体构型,水分子的氧通过占据在π键轨道中的电子向中心原子Mo的d轨道配位而被吸附,且水分子在模型物质表面呈吸附状态后,体系最稳定,能量最小,吸附过程不必翻越能垒,该过程放热91.39kJ/mol(MP2相关能校正),研究结果对催化剂的使用、失活和再生有较好的指导意义.     

应用ABEEM/MM模型研究水分子团簇(H2O)n(n=7~10)的性质

应用ABEEM/MM模型计算了中等大小水分子团簇(H₂O)_n(n=7~10)的各种性质, 如: 优化的几何构型、氢键个数、结合能、稳定性、ABEEM电荷分布、偶极矩、结构参数的描述等, 并描述了六聚水区域中所反映的从二维结构(从二聚水到五聚水)到三维结构(n>6的水分子团簇)的过渡.     

UO22+·nH2O和PuO22+·nH2O(n=2,4,5,6)密度泛函理论研究

首先用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了铀酰和钚酰离子的几何与电子结构,计算结果与实验基本符合,表明DFT方法也能用于含铀和钚重原子的化合物计算.然后对铀酰和钚酰水合离子的几何构型、Mulliken集居数分布以及铀酰(钚酰)与配体水分子的结合能进行计算,计算结果表明UO22+·5H2O和PuO22+·5H2O分别为铀酰和钚酰系列水合离子中最稳定的配合物.     

单笼形水分子簇中心水分子对类型关系

随机产生单笼形水分子簇(H2O)n(n=8~36),经分类统计后发现,在笼形水分子簇中,其1221,1212,2121和2112四类氢键的个数与水分子和氢键总数之间有定量关系,且1212类氢键的个数与2121类的氢键始终相等.如果笼形水分子簇中某一类氢键数已知,则它的其余三类氢键的个数也随即确定.     

Electrical resistance response of polyaniline films to water, ethanol, and nitric acid solution

<正>This paper reports on electrical resistance vs.aging time for the response of polyanihne films under exposure to water,ethanol and nitric acid(HNO_3) solution.Camphor sulfonic acid-doped polyanihne films were prepared by a "doping-dedoping-redoping" method,the morphology and microstructures of the films were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an x-ray diffractometer,the electrical resistance was measured by a four-probe method.It was found that a lower amount of water molecules infiltrating the film can decrease the film's resistance possibly due to an enhancement of charge carrier transfer between polyanihne chains,whereas excessive water molecules can swell inter-chain distances and result in a quick increase of resistance.The resistance of the film under exposure to ethanol increases and becomes much larger than the original value.However,HNO3 solution can decrease the film's resistance sharply possibly owing to doping effect of protonic acid.These results can help to understand the conduction mechanism in polyaniline films,and also indicate that the films have potential application in chemical sensors.     

Syntheses and Crystal Structure of a New Molecular Clip Based on Diethoxycarbonyl Glycoluril: C_(54)H_(38)N_8O_6·H_2O

A new glycoluril derivative 2 has been synthesized and characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 13.128(7), b = 13.245(7), c = 14.016(8) ?, α = 98.805(10), β = 102.036(9), γ = 101.470(10)°, V = 2287(2) ?3, Z = 2, C54H38N8O6·H2O, Mr = 912.94, F(000) = 952, T = 298(2) K, Dc = 1.326 g/cm3 and μ = 0.090 mm-1. Due to the intermolecular C–H...O interactions, two monomeric molecular clips dimerize as a dimeric building block in the crystalline state. Those building blocks form tape-like supramolecular polymers driven by intermolecular C–H...N interactions and water molecules which stabilized in the packing structure served as hydrogen-bonding donors.     

高能量短脉冲激光作用水分子的动力学模拟

基于高能量短脉冲激光作用水分子实验的复杂性,需用采取一种比较准确且较为方便的方法来预测实验结果是必要的.本文采用分子动力学方法(Molecular Dynamics)对高能量密度短脉冲激光加载下的超临界水分子进行热力学分析及结构研究.结果表明,随着能量快速加入加载区域,水分子系统的温度迅速提高.同时,由于分子迅速向四周扩散,在加载区域产生空泡.其中,只有25.5%的能量用以提高水分子系统的动能(温度),其余的能量都用于增大水分子系统的势能(水分子间距).伴随着温度的提高,水分子热运动加快,有序程度逐渐减弱,O—H间距增加,水分子间的氢键作用减弱,分子极性降低.分子动力学模拟方法研究短脉冲高能量激光对水分子的作用,对水下激光微加工研究有一定指导意义.     

谈谈憎水性的水

憎水性的水听起来就有一点不可思议，但最近美国太平洋海军实验所却正在生产和研究这种单层水分子。单层水分子置于铂的基底上，它是后面冰层生长时的不良模板。