Electron paramagnetic resonance study of amphiphiles partitioning behavior in desiccation-tolerant moss during dehydration

Desiccation tolerance is a crucial characteristic for desert moss surviving in arid regions. Desiccation procedure always induces amphiphiles transferring from the polar cytoplasm into lipid bodies. The behavior of amphiphiles transferring can contribute to the enhancement of desiccation tolerance and the reduction of plasma membrane integrity simultaneously. The effects of amphiphiles partitioning into the lipid phase during water loss has been studied for pollen and seeds using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. However, desiccation-tolerant high plants occur among mosses, several angiosperms and higher plants seeds or pollens. They have different strategies for survival in dehydration and rehydration. A desiccation-tolerant moss Tortula desertorum was used to investigate the behaviors of amphiphilic molecules during drying by spin label technology. There are small amount of amphiphilic probes partitioning into membrane during moss leaves dehydration, comparing with that in higher plants. Cytoplasm viscosity changed from 1.14 into glass state only dehydration less than 60 min. Moss leaves lost plasma membrane integrity slightly, from 0.115 to 0.237, occurred simultaneously with amphiphiles partition. The results showed the more advantages of mosses than higher plants in adapting fast dehydration. We propose that EPR spin label is feasible for studying the amphiphiles partitioning mechanisms in membrane protection and damage for desiccation-tolerant mosses.     

引入SiO2对SO4^2—／ZrO2超强酸体系的影响

用共沉淀法和负载法制备了一系列SO4^2-/ZrO2催化剂,详细研究了添加SiO2对SO4^2-/ZrO2超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和异丙苯裂解及异丙醇脱水反应的影响。引入SiO2会延迟ZrO2的晶化和晶相转变,减弱SO4^2-/ZrO2体系的超强酸性,但对提高样品的异丙苯裂解和异丙醇脱水反应活性有利。     

β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的性质及在水溶液中与某些生物底物的作用

三种不同制备方法的β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132), 其红外、拉曼光谱、光电子能谱以及热分析行为表现一定差异。这种差异主要因制备方法不同, 获得样品中羧基间氢键作用以及Ge-O环尺度和键角不同引起的。它们在水溶液中均水解为三羟锗基丙酸, ^1H NMR谱上观察到与果糖有较强作用, 与谷胱甘肽作用不明显, 为了解Ge-132的生物作用机理提供了重要信息。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学 Ⅻ. MgO·3B2O3·7H2O的热行为和脱水动力学

通过对合成MgO·3B2O₃·7H₂O的热分析研究确定热脱水反应的阶段、温度和产物,给出脱水过程的热化学反应方程式.利用甲醇、水与三氧化二硼之间的酯化反应进行相分离,确定该化合物高温结晶化产物的物相组成为晶态六硼酸镁(2MgO·3B₂O₃)和无定形B₂O₃.对该化合物的TG和DTG数据进行处理结果,给出了相应的非等温热脱水反应动力学方程.     

磷酸锆催化剂用于生物质转化

随着化石燃料的减少和能源危机的加重,开发利用可再生的新能源迫在眉睫.生物质作为一种重要的可再生资源,是现代化学工业中的能源和有机碳的重要潜在替代物,将其转化为高附加值化学品具有巨大的开发潜力和实际应用价值.因此,对于生物质资源的高效转化及综合利用越来越受到人们的广泛关注,而催化化学转化是当前实现生物质升值利用的重要途径之一.近年来,磷酸锆逐渐发展成为一种新型的过渡金属磷酸盐多功能材料,在离子交换,吸附,质子传导,光化学,材料化学,催化等领域具有广泛的应用.根据我们和其他课题组的研究基础,本文简要总结了无定形、介孔和结晶型磷酸锆(α、γ、τ)特别是α-磷酸锆材料的制备方法,结构和催化性能.在其结构中,不同的磷氧基团和水分子,锆氧八面体和磷氧四面体通过氧桥相互连接在一起.在特定的制备条件下,可以得到无定形磷酸锆、层状结构的α/γ-磷酸锆或者三维结构的τ-磷酸锆.磷酸锆材料具有极高的热稳定性,优异的耐水能力,且在极性介质(包括水相)中仍然能够显示出中强酸性,不仅具有布朗斯特酸性和路易斯酸性,而且通过控制磷和锆的比例可以调节两种酸的浓度.本文重点介绍了磷酸锆催化剂在生物质平台分子转化(如催化脱水,加氢/氢解,氧化和酯化等)反应中的最新研究进展,特别指出,磷酸锆表现出的高热稳定性,耐水性和中强酸性使其成为具有高活性、高稳定性的多相催化剂.已有研究表明,磷酸锆既可以直接作为固体酸催化剂,也可以将其它金属及其氧化物等活性组分负载于酸性磷酸锆上,可构建包含酸中心、金属中心的多功能催化剂,实现酸催化、加氢、氧化等多步反应,从而应用于由生物质平台分子制取燃料或者精细化学品催化转化过程.总之,磷酸锆用于生物质转化已经取得了一些重要的进展,也是目前该领域的研究热点之一.虽然已有很多磷酸锆催化剂的研究工作,但是在该领域仍然需要更加深入和广泛的研究.在了解催化反应机理的基础上,更加精确设计、改良催化剂的结构,高效应用在生物质转化以及其他催化反应中.     

基于室温磷光量子点/硼酸基联吡啶盐纳米复合材料检测果糖

以Mn掺杂的ZnS(Mn-ZnS)室温磷光(RTP)量子点的磷光为信号,以2-溴甲基苯硼酸与4,4ˊ-联吡啶为原料合成的硼酸基联吡啶盐(BBV)为受体,带负电的量子点与带正电BBV通过静电作用形成Mn-ZnS/BBV纳米复合材料,Mn-ZnS量子点磷光猝灭,加入果糖,BBV与果糖形成阴离子硼酸酯,降低了对量子点猝灭效率,RTP恢复.考察了时间、pH值对Mn掺杂的ZnS QDs/BBV纳米复合材料磷光强度的影响,在最优条件下,此传感器检测果糖的线性范围为0.05~1.00 mmol/L,检出限为0.01 mmol/L,相关系数r为0.99.本磷光分析法简便快速、灵敏度高,有望应用于食品、医药行业中果糖含量的检测分析.     

定量核磁共振波谱法测定3种低聚果糖的含量北大核心CSCD

以蔗糖为内标物,氘代水为溶剂,采用氢-1核磁共振波谱法(1H-NMR)测定蔗果七糖、蔗果八糖、蔗果九糖等3种低聚果糖(FOS)的含量。优化后的1H-NMR参数如下:温度25℃,谱宽(2~14)×10^(-6),脉冲角度45°,脉冲延迟时间5 s,采样时间3 s,扫描次数16次。对蔗果七糖、蔗果八糖和蔗果九糖样品进行了仪器精密度和重复性试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于0.50%。方法用于测定3种样品含量,测定结果与质量平衡法所得结果进行了比较,经F检验法评估,两种方法具有显著性差异。但由于定量核磁共振波谱法作为绝对含量的测定方法,仅需常见的化学品即可直接对待测成分进行测定,可以佐证质量平衡法的赋值结果。     

Lewis酸催化纤维素制乳酸机理研究

Because fossil fuels are continuously depleted, valorization of biomass into valuable liquid products and chemicals is of great significance yet it remains challenging. Among many biomass-derived products, lactic acid is one of the most important renewable monomers for preparing the degradable polymer polylactic acid. The use of raw biomass to produce lactic acid through catalytic conversion is an attractive approach. In this work, the catalytic reaction performance and mechanism of different Lewis acids (Y³⁺, Sc³⁺, and Al³⁺) for the production of lactic acid from cellulose were investigated in detail by isotopic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The production of lactic acid from cellulose includes tandem and competing reactions. The order of catalytic activity for the one-pot conversion of cellulose into lactic acid is as follows: Y³⁺ > Al³⁺ > Sc³⁺. The main tandem reactions involve the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose, the isomerization of glucose into fructose (the order of catalytic activity, the same below: Y³⁺ > Al³⁺, Y³⁺ > Sc³⁺), the cleavage of fructose via a retro-aldol reaction to glyceraldehyde (GLY) and 1, 3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) (Sc³⁺ > Y³⁺ > Al³⁺), and the conversion of DHA or GLY to the final product lactic acid (Al³⁺ > Y³⁺ > Sc³⁺). It was found that the process of glucose isomerization to fructose was the key step to the final selectivity of the tandem reaction of cellulose conversion to lactic acid, and it was clarified that the production of lactic acid from DHA underwent a keto-enol (K-E) tautomerization process rather than a classical 1, 2-shift process. First, DHA was transformed into GLY via the isomerization process, then the adjacent hydroxyl group of GLY was removed in the form of water to produce an α, β-unsaturated species. After that, the α, β-unsaturated species underwent K-E tautomerization to generate unsaturated aldehyde-ketone intermediates. Meanwhile, a molecule of water was added to aldehyde-ketone intermediates to obtain a diol product, the hydrogen atom at the methine position was transferred and the lactic acid was finally obtained through the K-E tautomerization process. The in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism presented in this work will help to design more selective catalysts for cellulose conversion into value-added oxygen-containing small molecule chemicals.      

7,8-二氢-6,6-二甲基-7,8-环氧-6氢-吡喃[2,3-f]苯并-2,1,3-恶二唑的合成

本文给出了一条较好的制备7,8-二氢-6,6-二甲基-7,8-环氧-6氢-吡喃[2,3-f]苯并-2,1,3-恶二唑的合成路线，即由对乙酰氨基苯酚经酯化、Fries重排、环合、还原、脱水、硝化、脱酰基、氧化、脱氧和催化环氧化等反应制得标题化合物，其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证。     

残酸对原油脱水的影响及处理

酸对原油的破乳具有较大的影响,盐酸的存在使原油脱水发生困难,特别是在稠油中,脱水效率降低;土酸对原油脱水影响比盐酸更大,脱出水颜色发黑,发黄,有大量底渣存在;残酸对原油的脱水影响最大,脱水速度减慢,水色不清,过渡带加长.针对酸化后原油pH值较低的特点,选择碳酸钠作碱化剂,复配低温2#破乳剂,进行了室内实验和现场试验,结果表明:原油脱水效果明显,脱出水颜色清,油水过渡带清晰,保证返排液的pH值保持在6～8的范围内,使原油含水质量分数低于2%.