苯高压氧化实验和模型研究

利用射流搅拌反应器研究了1.2 MPa、当量比为1、温度范围880～1010 K下苯的氧化反应动力学。利用气相色谱和色谱质谱联用仪检测到了20种产物和中间组分。根据实验结果发展了一个272种组分、1702个反应的动力学模型,合理地模拟了实验结果。与常压实验相比,检测到乙醛、丙烯醛、甲苯、苯乙烯、苯甲醛、萘、茚和二苯并呋喃等新组分;反应的初始温度由1000 K降低为950 K,反应区间由300 K减少至70 K;探明了高压低温下苯通过苯醌消耗的新分解路径。根据敏感性分析,A₁+OH=A₁-+H₂O是促进其消耗最重要的反应,A₁OH+O₂=A₁O+HO₂是抑制苯消耗最重要的反应。本模型合理预测了苯在常压的氧化和不同压力下的层流火焰速度。     

氧气对胜利褐煤水蒸气气化半焦结构及反应性的影响

为了研究氧气对半焦的结构变化和反应性的影响,采用不锈钢模拟气流床反应器,在8种不同气氛,800和900 ℃条件下,进行了胜利褐煤水蒸气气化实验。利用拉曼光谱和热重分析仪分别表征了半焦的结构和本征反应性。结果表明,在800和900 ℃条件下,添加的氧气对半焦结构变化的影响方式不同;半焦结构的变化是影响碱金属和碱土金属(AAEM)挥发的主要因素。在不同温度下,添加的氧气对Na挥发的影响和对结构的作用类似,H₂O/O₂混合气氛促使气化所得半焦的反应性进一步降低。半焦的反应活性指数与拉曼光谱谱带比值 I (G_R+V_L+V_R)/I_D具有很好的相关性。     

不同价态铁离子对膜生物反应器影响研究进展

膜生物反应器(Membrane bioreactor,MBR)作为一种新型的污水处理技术,近些年来备受关注。然而,膜污染问题成为了该工艺广泛应用的最大障碍。现已证明,向MBR中投加铁系混凝剂能够减缓膜污染。本文首先综述了不同价态铁离子对MBR污染物去除的影响,然后对铁离子在污泥混合液中分布及迁移转化进行了分析,接着阐明了铁离子对膜污染的影响,最后对该领域的研究进行了展望。     

聚烯烃合金的研究进展(Ⅰ)——聚合催化剂和聚合工艺技术进展北大核心CSCD

聚烯烃合金以其优异的综合性能,得到了日益广泛的关注和研究。本文从聚合催化剂体系和聚合工艺技术角度出发,系统地综述了聚烯烃催化剂体系的发展历程及聚烯烃合金的制备工艺技术。特别介绍了基于反应器颗粒技术的聚合工艺特点,重点关注了Spheripol工艺、Catalloy工艺、Spherizone工艺等工艺技术。以第四代Ziegler-Natta催化剂为基础的反应器颗粒技术和以复合催化剂为基础的多催化剂反应器颗粒技术是聚烯烃新材料未来的发展方向。     

Design of two-stage membrane reactor for the conversion of coke-oven gas to H2 and CO

The catalyst function was achieved in two regions in an oxygen permeation membrane reactor： H2 dissociated and reacted with lattice oxygen or oxygen ions to form H20 near the membrane surface. The H20 formed could react with the residual CH4 away from the membrane surface area.     

Double emulsion droplets as microreactors for synthesis of magnetic macroporous polymer beads

An easy method is presented to fabricate monodisperse magnetic macroporous polymer beads（MMPBs）. Waterin-oil high internal phase emulsion（HIPE） is prepared by emulsifying aqueous iron ions solution in an oil phase containing monomers. The HIPE is introduced into a simple microfluidic device to fabricate monodisperse（water-in-oil）-in-water double emulsion droplets. The droplets serve as microreactors to synthesize Fe3O4 nanoparticles and are on-line polymerized to form MMPBs. The prepared MMPBs display uniform size, interconnected porous structure, superparamagnetic behavior and uniform distribution of Fe3O4 in polymer matrix. The MMPBs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, vibrating sample magnetometry（VSM）. We believe that this method is a universal technique in preparing macroporous nanocomposite beads.     

Preparation of cassava starch-based superabsorbent polymer using a twin-roll mixer as reactor

Cassava starch-based superabsorbent polymer was successfully synthesized using a new technology that based on modification of a Haake twin-roll mixer as reactor. The cassava starch was first gelatinized then modified by grafting under external shear stress in the reactor. The torque and temperature curves as a function of time can reflect the variations in the reactor and also offer some information about the copolymerization reaction. The advantages of this system include starch modification can be carried out(1) with high starch concentration,(2) under controlled time and(3) smaller amount of sample(60 g) required. The technology provides useful guides for reactive extrusion. The starch grafted composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA). The TGA was also used for determining the percentage of grafting ratio. The results show that the cassava starch has been successfully grafted with acrylamide then crosslinked by N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide using this reactor. The ultimate water absorbent capacity of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer impacted by various pH values illustrated that the acid and basic solutions inhibit the ability of imbibing water. Additionally, gel properties of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer were investigated. It can be concluded that the structure of cassava gel is stable, while the three dimensional network of cassava-based superabsorbent polymer is rigid but its structure could not resist external force effectively and everlastingly since G′ was decreased with increasing amplitude.     

溶液燃烧法制备的Ni基催化剂及其浆态床甲烷化催化性能

分别以硝酸铝、硝酸氧锆、硝酸镧和硝酸铈为载体前驱体,与硝酸镍和尿素配制水溶液,采用溶液燃烧法制备了Ni-Al2O3、Ni-Zr O2、Ni-La2O3和Ni-Ce O2催化剂,研究了浆态床CO甲烷化催化性能,并进行了低温N2吸附-脱附、XRD、SEM、TEM、H2-TPR和H2化学吸附等表征分析。结果表明,以硝酸铝为前驱体制备Ni-Al2O3催化剂时燃烧火焰稳定且持续时间长,达23 s,样品比表面积(468 m2·g-1)和金属Ni表面积(10 m2·g-1)均较大、Ni粒径小(3~5 nm)且分散度高,CO甲烷化催化活性和稳定性好,CO转化率和CH4选择性分别达到94%和95%,在100 h的甲烷化反应中未出现明显失活;以硝酸氧锆和硝酸镧为前驱体制备样品时未出现明显的燃烧火焰,持续时间仅为12 s和5 s,催化剂比表面积、金属表面积及催化活性均较低;以硝酸铈为前驱体制备样品时燃烧过程迅速而剧烈,样品比表面积(22 m2·g-1)和金属Ni表面积(5 m2·g-1)小、Ni粒径大且分散性差,甲烷化催化性能最差,CO转化率仅为41%,CH4选择性仅为89%。     

等离子体氯化氧化法太白反应器流场的数值模拟

本文提出了等离子体氯化氧化法钛白反应器流程的物理化学流体动力学模型,用k-ε方程描述湍流运动,用Partankar-spalaing发展的SIMPLER方法对控制方程求解,就三种情况即a)有化学反应,壁面绝热,b)有化学反应,壁面温度T_w=450k,c)无化学反应,壁面绝热,给出了反应器中的速度场,温度场和浓度分布,对钛白生产的物理化学过程作了数值模拟,所得结果可作为有关工程设计的理论依据。     

基于PFC-CFD的双环径向反应器流场特性数值模拟

双环径向反应器是一种具有更低床层压降和更高节能效率的反应器,为研究催化剂床层和反应器结构对反应器内流场的影响,模拟了颗粒尺寸为10 mm、12 mm、16 mm和20 mm随机堆积床层和分布筒开孔率为0.044、0.087和0.121时反应器内流场变化规律.结果表明:用较小的催化剂颗粒填充的床层具有更高的流场均匀度,综...