还原温度与时间对铁基催化剂浆态床F-T合成性能的影响

在浆态床反应器中考察了未还原催化剂以及在240℃和270℃的还原温度下还原时间对Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂F-T合成反应性能的影响,采用Mssbauer谱研究了还原和反应后催化剂的物相组成。结果表明,在240℃延长还原时间或将还原温度升高到270℃均有利于催化剂的还原,270℃还原的催化剂的活性和稳定性明显高于未还原和240℃还原的催化剂,催化剂的运行稳定性与催化剂在反应过程中的流失量有密切关系。催化剂高温还原时烃产物分布倾向于生成低碳数的烃类,在相同的还原温度下,烃产物选择性随还原时间的延长向轻组分方向偏移。     

沼气中CO2的甲烷化反应及反应器研究

本文采用计算流体力学方法建立了以沼气为原料气的CO₂甲烷化反应器模型,通过多物理场耦合求解获得了不同反应条件下甲烷化反应器内的温度分布和反应速率等数据,考察了反应温度、压力、流速等对甲烷化反应的影响。研究结果表明,提高反应温度和压力有利于提高CO₂甲烷化反应速率和生产效率,但在相同装填量的催化剂床层CO₂的出口转化率降低。以Al₂O₃为载体的Ni催化剂,在床层直径小于25 mm时,恒壁温条件下床层内外温差为3.1℃。综合热力学和动力学两方面的影响,以沼气为原料的CO₂甲烷化反应温度应以300～400℃为宜。在300℃,1.0 MPa的反应条件下,反应停留时间大于257.6 s可达到高于98%的CO₂转化率。     

羧基功能化Fe3O4固定化酶反应器的构筑及性能研究

对固定化酶的载体进行功能化修饰,通过改善载体和酶的界面连接可使酶分子在载体表面形成高度有序的二维排列,从而提高酶的催化活性和操作稳定性.用柠檬酸修饰的Fe₃O₄磁性纳米粒子(CA-Fe₃O₄)易于磁性分离且表面富含羧基,可作为一种优良载体通过吸附法固定化氯过氧化物酶(CPO)构筑CPO@CA-Fe₃O₄酶反应器、共固定化CPO和葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)构筑GOx&CPO@CA-Fe₃O₄级联酶反应器.将酶反应器应用于催化氧化结晶紫染料的脱色时,两种酶反应器均显示出良好的催化活性、对底物的亲和性与专一性、热稳定性,在实际水样中也有良好的应用效果.与CPO@CA-Fe₃O₄相比, GOx&CPO@CA-Fe₃O₄酶反应器因级联反应中H₂O₂的原位产生而表现出更优异的催化性能...     

微波作用下大位阻氨基酸与H-Pro-CTC树脂的高效缩合

微波反应下, 运用新型固相肽合成反应器, 深入研究了五种大位阻氨基酸与H-Pro-CTC树脂(CTC树脂, 2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂)的缩合反应. 使用三次缩合的策略, 分别在DMF/NMP/THF (V∶V∶V＝1∶1∶1), NMP/DMSO/THF (V∶V∶V＝4∶1∶1), DMF/DMSO/THF (V∶V∶V＝4∶1∶1)混合溶剂中缩合一次, 每次缩合反应的最优条件为: 缩合试剂HBTU、氨基酸浓度7 mmol/L、微波辐射3 min、反应温度35 ℃、维持时间3 min, 与传统方法相比, 氨基酸的用量大大减少, 其过量倍数从5倍降低为2倍, 缩合反应速率提高了16倍以上. 五种大位阻氨基酸与H-Pro-CTC树脂的缩合率都提高到80%以上.     

Ce-promoted Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane at atmospheric pressure

A series of Ce-promoted Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method, and their catalytic performance for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was investigated at atmospheric pressure in a micro-quartz-tube reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature program reduction (TPR) and BET surface area. Ce promoter increased surface area and Na2WO4 species dispersion, which enriched the amount of the surface species. In addition, Ce promoter in...     

液体弹珠：制备策略、物理性质及应用探索

Liquid marbles (LMs) are liquid droplets coated with a layer of lyophobic particles at the air-liquid interface. Since the pioneering work by Aussillous et al. in 2001, LMs have attracted significant attention owing to their facile fabrication, flexibility in the choice of the constituent particles and liquids, intriguing properties such as non-wetting and non-adhesive nature, satisfactory elasticity and stability, as well as promising applications in microfluidics, sensors, controlled release, and microreactors. The classical strategy for the preparation of LMs involves rolling a small volume of a droplet on a lyophobic powder bed for complete encapsulation of the liquid by the particles. In addition, various innovative methods, including electrostatic and coalescent approaches, have been developed for preparing special LMs with a complicated structure or morphology. Diverse materials such as water, surfactant solutions, liquid metals, reagents, blood, and even viscous adhesives have been employed as the internal liquid for the fabrication of LMs. Theoretically, any particulates such as lycopodium, polytetrafluoroethylene, Fe₃O₄, SiO₂, and graphite grains can be employed as the outer coating, but they are usually required to be lyophobic with sizes of less than hundreds of microns. The unique structure of the particle-covered droplet and the dual solid-liquid characteristics endow LMs with some unique and interesting properties, especially the non-wetting and non-adhesive nature. As the lyophobic coating particles restrain the internal liquid from contacting the substrate, LMs can move easily across either solid or liquid surfaces, neither wetting the substrate nor contaminating the internal liquid. An equally fascinating property of LMs is their satisfactory stability, which is necessary for most of their applications. The high stability of LMs stems from the protection of the coating powders and is embodied in both good mechanical stability (remaining intact after being released from a certain height or under a certain compression) and long lifetime (greatly suppressing the evaporation of the internal liquid). These extraordinary properties make LMs promising candidates for use in multitudinous fields, especially droplet microfluidics and microreactors. The potential application of LMs in microfluidics is ascribed to their non-wetting, non-adhesive nature and other features such as an ability to float on a liquid surface, coalescence, split, a small force of rolling friction, and response to external forces. Notably, LMs hold great promise for applications in microreactions, because they can create a confined reaction microenvironment, minimize reagent usage, facilitate unhindered gas exchange between the internal liquid medium and the surrounding environment, and allow the entry/exit of the reactants/products. We herein review the recent advances in LMs, such as manufacturing techniques, formation mechanisms, physical properties, and emerging applications. In particular, much attention is paid to the factors affecting the stability of LMs and the potential strategies to increase their stability. Moreover, this review discusses the challenges in the future development of LMs, suggests several possible ways of addressing these challenges, and forecasts the future development directions. We believe that this review can help researchers gain a better understanding of LMs and promote their further advances.     

2,5-二甲基四氢呋喃低压热解实验和动力学模型研究

2,5-二甲基四氢呋喃是一种非常有应用潜力的生物质燃料。本文利用同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱(SVUVPIMS)技术,研究了2,5-二甲基四氢呋喃在压力为3990 Pa、温度从948到1198 K条件下的流动管热解反应。实验探测到了包括自由基和稳定产物在内的四十余种物种,基于实验结果,提出了一个由265个物种和1490个反应组成的动力学模型,并利用实验结果进行了验证;通过生成速率(ROP)分析,得到了燃料的初级解离过程和主要热解产物的生成路径。     

Studies on product distribution of alkali promoted iron catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The dependencies of hydrocarbon product distributions of alkali promoted iron catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis have been studied. The concept of two superimposed Anderson-Schulz-Flory distributions has been applied for the representation of the effects of Mg, La and Ca promoters on product distributions. The FTS performance of the catalysts was tested in a fixed bed reactor under the conditions 563 K, 1.7 MPa, H2/CO = 1 and space velocities 4.86 and 13.28 nl h-1 gFe-1 . The results indicate that approp...     

用荧光光谱研究杜氏盐藻生长

杜氏盐藻是一种单细胞真核藻类,属于绿藻（Chlorophyceae）团藻目（Volvocales）,杜氏藻科（Dunaliellaceae）,杜氏藻属（Dunaliella）．近年来,盐藻作为一种新型生物反应器,用来生产药用蛋白或口服疫苗,具有独特的优点和广阔的应用前景．杜氏盐藻是一种微藻,具有光和作用效率高,生长周期短,产量大等特点,藻体不含细胞壁纤维结构,是利用热解制取生物油燃料的良好材料!