Lower Energy α Elastic Scattering on ^20Ne and Anomaly of α＋^20Ne Scattering System

The α+²⁰Ne elastic scattering angular distributions at lower incident energies of Eα= 12.7--31.1 MeV have been analyzed by using the α-folding potential based on the α+¹⁶O structure model of the ²⁰Ne nucleus. The α-folding potential with a standard Woods-Saxon type imaginary part, can reasonably describe experimental cross sections and the anomalous large angle scattering (ALAS) features. The anomaly of the α+²⁰Ne scattering system is further confirmed in the lower incident energy region.     

全球变暖背景下温室效应的光谱能量分布分析

利用一维辐射传递方程及LBLRTM逐线积分模式建立计算模型,对工业革命前与目前大气构成情况下温室效应的能量分布及其光谱吸收机理进行分析,在保持温室气体浓度为当前水平的基础上,研究温室效应能量分布与地表温度之间的相互耦合机理.结果表明:工业革命前地球的温暖环境主要来自于大气温室气体的(100~370)cm^-1、(640~710)cm^-1以及(1370~2000)cm^-1三个强吸收带对于地球长波辐射的吸收,而地球当前的变暖则源自于大气的(370~640)cm^-1和(710~1370)cm^-1两个弱吸收带的作用,其对工业革命以来所额外增加的温室效应贡献分别达到了25%和55%;地表温度升高,温室效应在全波段范围内也会随之增强,但不同谱带处的温室效应贡献以地球平均温度所对应的辐射峰值波数为界线,峰值波数右侧的温室效应贡献将会增加,在其左侧的贡献比例则会减小.     

空气环境下煤粉流LIBS多元素同时检测中激光能量研究

考察了大气环境下激光诱导击穿光谱适用于煤粉流多元素同时检测的激光能量范围,分析了造成煤粉流测量谱线信号波动的原因,得到了适用于煤粉流多元素同时检测的激发区域功率密度范围和最佳功率密度。实验选取能量范围为20～160 mJ,粒径小于200 μm煤粉颗粒经下料口自由下落形成煤粉流束,通过螺杆式给粉机控制流量,波长1 064 nm脉冲激光聚焦后作用于下降的煤粉流束上,产生等离子体,光谱仪采集等离子体发射光谱信号,分析结果表明：实验台架下适于煤粉流LIBS检测的能量范围为30～60 mJ,对应激发前沿功率密度选取范围14.4～34.4 GW·cm-2,最佳测量功率密度19.5 GW·cm-2。     

基于能量分布的红外像点定位分析方法

在红外探测器的应用中,常用统计分析、算例验证等方法研究目标成像精确定位问题。鉴于上述方法难以充分阐释物理意义与揭示普遍规律,提出基于能量分布及成像特征的分析方法,针对红外探测目标成像精确定位问题,利用能量分布和数字图像中成像规律,研究像点定位及精度分析。研究了红外目标成像和数字图像特点,建立了定位模型和方法流程;分析了定位误差影响因素,实现了定位结果精度评定;最后结合典型应用实例,进行了计算验证。该方法与已有方法相比,分析过程更直观,获取了红外像点定位分析的理论依据,并给出了定位结果的精度水平:通常红外成像应用中,精度优于1/6像元;在成像较大时,精度可达1/10像元以上。该研究结论对红外探测应用中目标准确定位具有重要意义。     

Effect of normalized plasma frequency on electron phase-space orbits in a free-electron laser

Irregular phase-space orbits of the electrons are harmful to the electron-beam transport quality and hence deteriorate the performance of a free-electron laser （FEL）. In previous literature, it was demonstrated that the irregularity of the electron phase-space orbits could be caused in several ways, such as varying the wiggler amplitude and inducing sidebands. Based on a Hamiltonian model with a set of self-consistent differential equations, it is shown in this paper that the electron- beam normalized plasma frequency functions not only couple the electron motion with the FEL wave, which results in the evolution of the FEL wave field and a possible power saturation at a large beam current, but also cause the irregularity of the electron phase-space orbits when the normalized plasma frequency has a sufficiently large value, even if the initial energy of the electron is equal to the synchronous energy or the FEL wave does not reach power saturation.     

Total cross sections for electron scattering from sulfur compounds

The original additivity rule method cannot give good results for electron scattering from SO,SO2,SO2Cl2,SO2ClF,and SO2F2 molecules at low energy,because the electron-molecule scattering is simply reduced to electron-atom scattering.Considering the difference between the bound atom in a molecule and the corresponding free atom,the original additivity rule is revised.With the revised additivity rule,the total cross sections for electron scattering from these molecules are calculated over a wide energy range below 3000 eV and compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.A better agreement between them is obtained.     

The neutron star zoo

Neutron stars are a very diverse population, both in their observational and their physical properties. They prefer to radiate most of their energy at X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths. But whether their emission is powered by rotation, accretion, heat, magnetic fields or nuclear reactions, they are all different species of the same animal whose magnetic field evolution and interior composition remain a mystery. This article will broadly review the properties of inhabitants of the neutron star zoo, with emphasis on their high-energy emission.     

跌落冲击载荷下焊锡接点金属间化合物层的动态开裂

跌落冲击载荷作用下,含铅焊锡接点与无铅焊锡接点的破坏模式明显不同,而导致这种差异的原因目前尚不明朗。本文提出了一种可用于模拟焊锡接点在跌落冲击载荷下破坏行为的有限元模型,此模型中,金属间化合物（IMC）与焊料间的界面采用粘性区模型（CZM）来模拟其损伤开裂过程,而IMC层内的破坏程度则通过计算其能量释放率来判断。通过对板级封装跌落冲击过程的数值模拟发现,与无铅焊锡接点（Sn3.5Ag）相比,含铅焊锡接点（Sn37Pb）与IMC间的CZM层更容易发生损伤破坏,而该层的开裂会减小IMC层的应力,即降低了其内部的裂纹驱动力,从而缓解了IMC层裂纹的起始和扩展。     

人工肌肉作动器的参数优化设计

由于电活性聚合物材料在电场作用下所表现出的许多优异的力学性能,如大应变、响应快、能量转换率高等特点,使得这种高分子智能材料引起了广泛关注,有望被加工成作动器、传感器及俘能器等能量转换器,在工程应用中发挥巨大作用。 但是,由于描述电活性聚合物材料变形的状态方程的非线性性,及其在力电载荷作用下多种失效模式的存在,使得设计电活性聚合物能量转换器面临诸多的困难。本文针对美国人工肌肉公司(Artificial Muscle Inc.)开发的一款电活性聚合物薄膜作动器的优化设计开展研究,主要研究了不同初始预拉伸对薄膜厚度、拉伸变形、应力及电场强度等的影响效应,结果表明,在某一预拉伸下,薄膜中的电场分布将趋于均匀。本文所提供的研究方法,可为此类作动器的优化设计提供基本的分析模式。     

基于局域共振声子晶体结构的低频振动能量回收研究

通过对局域共振型声子晶体的带隙机理及其对能量的局域化作用的分析,提出了一种用于回收环境低频振动能量的新型局域共振结构,并结合有限元方法对此新型结构的振动特性和能量回收能力进行了分析和研究。根据结构的共振模态和“质量-弹簧”系统简化模型,改变结构的材料和几何尺寸可以使结构的前7阶共振频率降到50~250Hz的低频范围。在此基础上发展了一种低频宽带多核结构,在250Hz以下拥有几十甚至更多的共振频率,最低频率低至20Hz,进一步优化了结构的低频宽带共振特性。利用有限元软件对有限结构的频率响应和压电特性进行分析,证实了新型局域共振结构的对环境中低频振动能量的回收能力,并满足了环境振动能量回收的宽带要求。该结构可以应用于各种便携式设备、无线传感器和微机电等自供电系统中,从低频振动环境中的获取能量为自身供电。