基于机制转换模型的碳排放权期权定价

机制转换模型可以将外部环境的变化迅速反映到对模型参数的调整中,故运用马氏链刻画外部机制建立机制转换模型,基于此进行碳排放权期权定价。为实现其价值函数的数值计算,首次设计并证明了一套倒向递归算法,该算法依据马氏链跳跃的划分实现递归,从而克服了马氏链带来的运算高复杂度,其数值结果展示了完整的波动率微笑和期限结构。最后通过与前人提出的算法以及蒙特卡洛模拟比较表明,倒向递归算法可获得更高的准确性和运算效率。     

市场需求信息不对称下的保兑仓融资风险控制策略

信息不对称风险广泛存在于保兑仓融资过程当中,本文运用Stackelberg博弈模型刻画融资系统成员关系,运用动态规划优化分析方法求解对应博弈均衡策略。总结出需求信息不对称的三种表现形式:信息造假,信息优势及信息隐匿,分析各类信息不对称情形对融资系统所造成影响,并相应提出实现信息显示功能的契约甄别机制。研究表明:零售商可从信息不对称中获取巨大信息优势,但对其他成员造成损害,其中信息隐匿对生产商损害程度更高;二部定价机制可实现信息甄别,但生产商须为之付出信息租金,造成效率损失;而合理参数设定下的二部定价加回购机制有助于进一步改进融资系统及各成员收益,甚至达到次协调状态,最终实现融资成员收益的帕累托改进。本研究对于控制供应链融资中的信息风险、改善融资效率提供了理论依据及决策参考。     

水热法制备S、N共掺杂碳点及其银离子的荧光检测

以通过氢键形成分子单元的异硫氰酸胍为掺杂剂,采用一锅水热法制备了具有明亮蓝色荧光的S、N共掺杂碳点.结构表征显示,N和S元素能够通过杂环原子和碳点表面官能团的形式充分掺杂.该碳点溶液的光致发光最佳激发波长为395nm,对应发射谱从"激发独立"变为"激发依赖".在碳点的形成过程中,出现了一些分子级荧光团,随着碳化过程以表面官能团的形式键合在碳点的表面,这为该碳点作为银离子检测的传感探针提供了可能.碳点溶液荧光强度和银离子浓度在不同浓度范围内成线性关系,基团-S-C≡N能够促进银离子对碳点溶液荧光的猝灭效应.该碳点溶液制备方法简单、性能优异,为高效检测工业污染物中银离子的应用提供了一种可能的途径.     

英国国家科研与创新署学科交叉研究资助机制及启示

Newly established in 2018, the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) strengthens the strategic coordination of the UK research and innovation system by bringing together seven Research Councils, Research England, and Innovate UK. Through its nine organizations, UKRI funds multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in a number of priority areas. It also runs the Strategic Priorities Fund to support multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in strategic areas identified by government policies as well as the Global Challenges Research Fund to promote challenge-led interdisciplinary research needed by developing countries. The UKRI makes significant efforts to engage stakeholders in the development, design, and implementation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary programs. It has also developed a range of mechanisms to improve the evaluation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary projects. Chinese science and innovation funding agencies could draw upon the UKRI experience from four aspects to advance interdisciplinary research in China.     

奖惩机制下考虑销售努力的闭环供应链协调

以一个制造商和一个零售商组成的闭环供应链为研究对象,考虑在政府的奖惩机制下需求同时受销售价格和销售努力影响的供应链协调问题.首先,在集中决策下,研究了供应链系统的最优决策,并给出了均衡解存在的条件和奖惩力度所满足的范围;在分散决策下,重点分析了奖惩力度以及销售努力对供应链双方决策的影响.其次,使用特许经营契约能够使供应链达到协调.最后,给出了数值算例和仿真分析.     

无机固体材料中的忆阻效应

缺陷调控是固体化学中的基本问题,也是决定材料性能的核心要素。基于缺陷调控的忆阻效应将给未来电子信息领域带来全新的变革。本文综述了无机固体材料中忆阻效应的研究进展,主要总结了忆阻效应的产生机制和忆阻材料的类型,结合原子级p-n结的相关工作,提出深入明确电场下缺陷迁移机制将是从无机固体化学角度研究忆阻效应的重要方向。     

Ion Pairing Kinetics Does not Necessarily Follow the Eigen-Tamm Mechanism

The most recognized and employed model of the solvation equilibration in the ionic solutions was proposed by Eigen and Tamm, in which there are four major states for an ion pair in the solution： the completely solvated state, 2SIP （double solvent separate ion pair）, SIP （single solvent separate ion pair）, and CIP （contact ion pair）. Eigen and Tamm suggested that the transition from SIP to CIP is always the slowest step during the whole pairing process, due to a high free energy barrier between these two states. We carried out a series of potential of mean force calculations to study the pairing free energy profiles of two sets of model mono- atomic 1：1 ion pairs 2.0：x and x：2.0. For 2.0：x pairs the free energy barrier between the SIP and CIP states is largely reduced due to the salvation shell water structure. For these pairs the SIP to CIP transition is thus not the slowest step in the ion pair formation course. This is a deviation from the Eigen-Tamm model.     

Wrinkling and Growth Mechanism of CuO Nanowires in Thermal Oxidation of Copper Foil

We report a systematic study on wrinkling and CuO nanowires （NWs） growth in the thermal oxidation of copper foil. Copper foils with thickness of 0.5 mm were thermally oxidized in air at 500℃ for 0.5-10 h. It is found that all the samples have wrinkles and the size of the wrinkles increases with the oxidation time increasing. CuO NWs can grow on both the sidehill and hilltop of wrinkle. The CuO NWs on sidehill are longer and denser than those on hilltop. The growth direction of the CuO NWs on sidehill is not vertical to the substrate but vertical to their growth surfaces. The process of wrinkling and CuO NWs growth can be divided into three stages： undulating, voiding, and cracking. The CuO NWs on both sidehill and hilltop grow at the undulating stage. However, only the CuO NWs on sidehill grow and those on hilltop stop growing at the voiding and cracking stages because of the void in hilltop. The local electric field in a wrinkle at undulating stage was calculated, and it is found that the difference of local electric field strengths between hilltop and sidehill is small, which indicates that the predominant driving force for the diffusion of Cu ion during CuO NWs growth is internal stress.     

化学感觉及其转导机制

化学感觉包括了红辣椒产生的灼烧感、椒样薄荷产生的清凉感、碳酸饮料产生的麻刺感和葡萄酒产生的涩感,是化学物质刺激到感受冷、热、疼痛等神经系统而产生的敏感性反应。化学感觉是一个相对较新的术语,最早称为共同化学感觉,后来又称为三叉神经反应。化学感觉与嗅觉、味觉相互结合形成一种独特的食品香味,尽管其他感官输入(例如质地、色泽和温度等)也参与整个香味形成过程。本文对化学感觉的基本特征、它与嗅觉、味觉的相互作用及其转导机制进行了概括介绍。