室温钠离子电池关键材料研究进展

钠离子电池凭借钠资源丰富、价格低廉在大规模储能领域有着重要应用前景. 然而,钠离子相对锂离子较大的半径和质量限制了它在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌,导致其电化学性能不佳. 因此研发稳定、高效储钠的高比能电极材料是钠离子电池实用化的关键. 另外,进一步优化与电极材料相匹配的电解质来实现高安全、长寿命钠离子电池的构建,推动其商业化进程,也是迫切需要解决的问题. 本文主要对室温钠离子电池关键材料（包括正极、负极和电解质材料）的研究进展进行简要综述,并探讨了其面临的困难及可行的解决方案,为钠离子电池的发展提供一定参考依据.     

物理化学教材中表格数据的深度分析与教学实践——以电解质溶液一章为例

以电解质溶液一章为例,将物理化学教材中的表格数据进行多样化处理,结合离子电迁移率、迁移数以及平均活度因子等知识点,尝试运用数据补充、图象曲线处理、数据差值计算等方法,并进行综合应用,引导学生从更直观的角度主动思考和深入分析,从而加强对理论知识的理解。     

用电势法测定混合电解质NaCl-Me4NCl-H2O体系在298．15K的活度系数

用电势法测定混合电解质ＮａＣｌ－Ｍｅ_４ＮＣｌ－Ｈ_２Ｏ体系在２９８．１５Ｋ的活度系数阎卫东,姚加,韩世钧,徐奕瑾（浙江大学化学系,杭州,３１００２７）关键词含季铵盐混合电解质,活度系数,渗透系数作为电解质溶液热力学研究工作［１］的继续,本文选择了含季...     

Spectroscopic Interrogation of Layer-by-layer Assembled Films of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes

Layer-by-layer fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolyte films have been studied. The photoluminescence of conjugate polyelectrolytes was observed to be highly tunable during this film assembly process. Efficient photoinduced electron transfer from thus prepared highly luminescent film to a natural electron-transfer protein cytochrome c has also been observed.     

微孔型固体偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物电解质

将固体聚合物电解质 (Ｓｏｌｉｄｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅ)用于锂离子电池的研究已经有 3 0年的历史[1] ,从物理角度来看 ,研究过干态型 (ＤｒｙＳＰＥ)、凝胶型 (ＧｅｌｌｅｄＳＰＥ)和微孔型固体聚合物电解质 (ＰｏｒｏｕｓＳＰＥ)三大类型[2 ] ;从化学角度来看 ,研究过含氧、含氮、和含氟的等聚合物[1～ 6 ] .微孔型固体含氟聚合物电解质是近 1 0年来才开始研究并受到产业界很大关注的一种ＳＰＥ .固体聚合物电解质的应用可以解决液体电解质锂离子电池的漏液问题 ,并提高其安全性 ,还可以通过使用塑料包装来减小电池的重量…     

La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8的电化学性质及其在SOFC中的应用

采用凝胶浇注法制备具有较高氧离子电导率的固体电解质La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8粉料.X射线衍射结果表明,于1400℃焙烧后即形成了钙钛矿结构,无杂相存在.探讨了粉料压制坯体的致密化和导电性能在1450℃下与烧结时间的关系,发现烧结时间为18h时其相对密度达98.3%,而在24h的情况下,样品具有最佳的氧离子导电性.采用Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9作为阳极,La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.6Ni0.4O2.7作为阴极,组装了平板型固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC).阳极和阴极分别通入含3%H2O的氢气和空气,750℃时的开路电压为1.04V,最大输出功率密度(P)达252mW/cm2(U=0.48V,J=525mA/cm2).     

稀土-碱土-过渡金属类钙钛石(A2BO4)复合氧化物催化剂的固态物化性质及对Nox 消除反应的催化性能

用柠檬酸络合法制备了多个系列的类钙钛石(A2BO4)结构的复合氧化物催化剂, 系统地研究探讨了该类催化剂的晶体与光谱结构、缺陷结构、对NO和CO等小分子的吸附性能、对氧的吸脱性能及氧化还原性能和稳定性, 同时考察了上述多个系列催化剂对NO直接分解和CO还原NO反应的催化性能. 发现Ni系A2BO4复合氧化物是NO直接分解的高活性催化体系, 特别是LaSrNiO4-λ催化剂具有很高NO的分解活性, 其活性高于文献报道Y-Ba-CuO/MgO的和Co系ABO3催化剂. 同时发现LaSrCuO4-λ具有较高的CO还原NO催化性能. 提出了在类钙钛石复合氧化物催化剂上NO分解和还原反应统一的氧化还原反应机制, 并比较了两个反应的异同点, 确认了氧空位在上述反应中的作用. 并较深入的探讨了取代效应、过渡元素、稀土元素和结构效应对NO分解和CO还原NO反应的影响机制. 本文分析总结了作者在类钙钛石(K2NiF4)结构复合氧化物的固态物化性质及对 Nox消除反应的催化性能方面的基础性研究结果.     

固态电解质中锂离子传输机理研究进展

Inorganic crystalline solid electrolytes exhibit excep tional room-temperature ionic conductivities, giving them the potential to enable all-solid-state lithium (Li) - ion batteries. Developing new high-performance electrolytes is one of the most critical challenges to realize solid-state batteries, which requires understanding how chemistry facilitates fast ionic conduction and what the Li-ion migration mechanism is in in organic solid electrolytes. In this review, we aim to summarize recent fundamental research progress in Li-ion transport, including crystal structure, behavior of ion migration (i.e., single-ion jump and multi-ions cooperative migration), and the relationship between ion migration and microstructure. Generally, ion transport in crystalline structure can be categorized into vacancy and non-vacancy mechanism. For Li-ion conduction, the migration can be achieved through single-ion hopping and collective diffusion mechanism. For single-ion hopping mechanism, the diffusivity is determined by the depth of potential well (activation energy) and lattice dynamics;whereas in the later mechanism Li-ion moving from high potential to low potential could partially offset the energy required for Li-ion moving from low potential to high potential. By studying the collective diffusion from the perspective of local structures, it is believed that collective diffusion in fast ion conductor originates from the local 野dual Li-S/O冶 structure units, which can be characterized by the 野nearest Li-Li distance冶. Next, the paradigm of ion transport in solids is summarized. It is pointed out that most ion conductors follow Meyer-Neldel rule, where the activation energy and pre-exponential factor are mutual compensating. As a result, a balance should be adapted between these two values to achieve high Li-ion conductivity. However, for some fast ion conductors, the relationship does not follow the Meyer-Neldel rule (i.e., anti-Meyer-Neldel rule). Therefore, the physical significance of anti-Meyer-Neldel rule should be understood to develop next-generation lithium ion conductors. In the end, future perspectives and open questions are proposed to design and develop high-performance inorganic solid electrolytes. © 2021 Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.     

锂二次电池中的原位聚合电解质

聚合物电解质主要分为凝胶聚合物电解质和固态聚合物电解质两种类型,均能够提升锂二次电池的性能.其中,凝胶聚合物电解质是利用增塑剂实现聚合物基质的凝胶化,将有机液态电解液固定在三维网络结构中,因此同时具备液态的离子扩散速率和固态材料的机械性能;而固态聚合物电解质是一种完全没有液态电解质的体系,利用聚合物基体的极性实现锂盐的...