三价铕和铽配合物在溶液中发光性能的研究进展

综述了近十余年来的一些β-双酮类、苯并咪唑类、苯甲酸类、吡啶类、大环类配体与三价铕(Eu3+)和铽(Tb3+)形成的配合物在液相体系中的荧光性能。其中,重点关注了衡量配合物的荧光性能的最重要的两个标准即量子产率和荧光寿命。文中也总结了在设计和合成优良配体时应该遵循的一些原则:如配体与稀土离子能级要匹配、将溶剂分子排斥出稀土离子配位,最大程度地消除光猝灭因素和无辐射去活化作用而改善光物理性能等,以期得到高的量子产率和长的荧光寿命的稀土配合物。     

磺酸功能化介孔聚合物催化“一锅法”无溶剂合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

通过软模剂合成方法合成了高度有序具有二维六方(p6mm)的FDU-15介孔聚合物材料.利用气固相磺化法制备得到新型磺酸基功能化介孔聚合物固体酸(FDU-SO3H).通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及元素分析等测试手段对FDU-SO3H介孔材料的物化性能进行了表征.在无溶剂条件下,FDU-SO3H能有效地催化以芳香醛、乙酰乙酸甲酯和尿素(或硫脲)的三组分一锅法的Biginelli反应.在优化实验的条件下,合成了一系列3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮衍生物.考察了加料顺序、溶剂及反应底物对Biginelli反应的影响.苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸甲酯和尿素在无溶剂,90℃加热1 h的条件下反应,3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮的产率为91%.探讨了Biginelli可能的反应机理.实验结果证明,FDU-SO3H不仅具有催化活性高、对环境友好及在空气中稳定等优点,而且重复使用后仍能保持优异的催化活性.     

(P^N^P)钴配合物/倍半氯化乙基铝催化苯乙烯聚合的研究

采用含氮双膦配体与无水氯化钴反应可制得一系列相应的(P^N^P)钴配合物,并研究了该系列钴配合物对苯乙烯聚合的催化性能.在助催化剂倍半氯化乙基铝(EASC)的活化下,该系列钴配合物对甲苯中的苯乙烯溶液聚合表现出高的催化活性(可达5.44×105g(PS)·mol-1(Co)·h-1).通过对不同苯乙烯单体用量、助催化剂用量(Al/Co摩尔比)、聚合温度以及催化剂的配体环境等的研究,详细考察了这些因素对聚合反应和聚合产物性能的影响.通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)和核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR)表征了所得聚合产物的分子量及分子量分布和微观结构,分析结果表明,所得聚苯乙烯具有较低的分子量(Mn=2000~5900)和较窄的分子量分布(1.75~2.05),其微观结构是无规的.     

碱性固体燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展

最近,碱性聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(APEMFC)因具有电极反应动力学快以及不依赖于贵金属铂催化剂等诸多优点而成为一个热门话题.作为其中一个关键部件,碱性聚合物电解质膜直接影响燃料电池的性能和成本.然而,迄今为止,仍然没有令人满意的碱性电解质膜材料.为此,大量研究被开展和报道.本文综述了近三年内文献中关于燃料电池碱性聚合物电解质膜的最新研究进展:包括各种各样的合成策略,构效关系,水管理以及非原位或原位稳定性测试等等.尤其是一些新的金属离子基阴离子交换膜和冠醚基阴离子交换膜首次被提及和评论.此外,还进一步预测了将来的发展趋势.     

Novel liver-specific nitric oxide（NO） releasing drugs with bile acid as both NO carrier and targeting ligand

Novel liver-specific nitric oxide（NO） releasing drugs with bile acid as both the NO carrier and targeting ligand were designed and synthesized by direct nitration of the hydroxyl group in bile acids or the 3-Ohydroxyl alkyl derivatives,with the intact 24-COOH being preserved for hepatocyte specific recognition.Preliminary biological evaluation revealed that oral administrated targeted conjugates could protect mice against acute liver damage induced by acetaminophen or carbon tetrachloride.The nitrate level in the liver significantly increased after oral administration of 1e while nitrate level in the blood did not significantly change.Co-administration of ursodeoxycholic acid（UDCA） significantly antagonized the increase of nitrate in the liver resulted by administration of 1e.     

Modelling of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with different designs of indirect internal reformer

The cell performance and temperature gradient of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with indirect internal reformer(IIR-SOFC) fuelled by natural gas, containing a typical catalytic packed-bed reformer, a catalytic coated wall reformer, a catalytic annular reformer, and a novel catalytic annular-coated wall reformer were investigated with an aim to determine the most efficient internal reformer system. Among the four reformer designs, IIR-SOFC containing an annular-coated wall reformer exhibited the highest performance in terms of cell power density(0.67 W cm-2)and electrical efficiency(68%) with an acceptable temperature gradient and a moderate pressure drop across the reformer(3.53×10-5kPa).IIR-SOFC with an annular-coated wall reformer was then studied over a range of operating conditions: inlet fuel temperature, operating pressure, steam to carbon(S : C) ratio, gas flow pattern(co-flow and counter-flow pattern), and natural gas compositions. The simulation results showed that the temperature gradient across the reformer could not be decreased using a lower fuel inlet temperature(1223 K–1173 K)and both the power density and electrical efficiency of the cell also decreased by lowering fuel inlet temperature. Operating in higher pressure mode(1-10 bar) improved the temperature gradient and cell performance. Increasing the S : C ratio from 2 : 1 to 4 : 1 could decrease the temperature drop across the reformer but also decrease the cell performance. The average temperature gradient was higher and smoother in IIR-SOFC under a co-flow pattern than that under a counter-flow pattern, leading to lower overpotential and higher cell performance. Natural gas compositions significantly affected the cell performance and temperature gradient. Natural gas containing lower methane content provided smoother temperature gradient in the system but showed lower power density and electrical efficiency.     

Ternary Solid Nano Organic/Inorganic Composite of Lanthanum with Acetic Acid and Curcumin/ Hydroxyapatite and Its Antibacterial Activity

Ternary solid complex was synthesized via hybridization of curcumin（Cur）, hydroxyapatite（HAP）, lanthanum（La） and acetic acid（HAc）. The nano-scale hybrid composite of La-Cur/HAP was directly prepared by the wet method. The morphologies and structures of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared（IR） spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities were tested by methods of minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC）. The results show that the size of the La-Cur/HAP composite is less than 100 nm, and the composite exhibits strong bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli（E, colt） and Staphylococcus aureus（S, aureus） at low concentrations（in the range of 26-92μg/mL）. The composite can exhibit both of the bacteria and shows higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus than against E. colt. At the same time, La-Cur/HAP shows stronger antibacterial efficiency than ampicillin/HAP.     

静电纺丝技术在燃料电池中的应用

静电纺丝是一种简单、实用的制造纳米纤维的技术,所需设备少,易于大规模生产。本文主要从催化剂、固体聚电解质膜及膜电极三方面阐述了静电纺丝技术在低温燃料电池中的应用。静电纺丝制得的一维纳米线电催化剂具有稳定的循环性能、优异的传质能力及较低的成本;制备的固体聚电解质膜主要包括Nafion复合膜、阻醇膜及耐温膜,其性能相对于传统的Nafion膜得到了进一步提升,而且,通过采用静电纺丝技术,使膜电极结构得到了优化。最后,对静电纺丝技术在低温燃料电池应用过程中可能存在的问题及其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于对苯二甲酸配体的含二维铅无机层的三维无机-有机杂化材料的合成及晶体结构(英文)

以对苯二甲酸作为配体,利用水热法合成了含二维(2D)铅无机层的三维(3D)无机-有机杂化材料[Pb2Cl(1,4-BDC)1.5]n(1);利用红外光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、X-射线衍射表征了产物的结构,利用热重分析测定了其热稳定性.结果表明,[Pb2Cl(1,4-BDC)1.5]n属于单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,其晶格参数为:a=0.599 000(10)nm,b=1.185 29(2)nm,c=1.847 37(3)nm,β=91.778 0(10)°,V=1.310 98(4)nm3,Z=4,R1=0.032 0,wR2=0.089 4,Rint=0.043 6.就化合物1的分子结构而言,由Pb—X—Pb(X=O或Cl)链接形成的2D无机层通过对苯二甲酸配体连接,构筑成具有3D骨架的无机-有机杂化材料.     

部分还原二氧化钛的NMR和EPR研究

Partially reduced TiO₂ nanomaterials have attracted significant interest because of their visible-light activity for catalysis and photodegradation. Herein, we prepared a partially reduced anatase TiO₂ (Re-A-TiO₂) nanoparticle material using a fast combustion method, demonstrating good activity toward decomposing methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The surface structure of the prepared material, after being surface-selectively ¹⁷O-labeled with H₂¹⁷O (¹⁷O-enriched water), was studied via ¹⁷O and ¹H solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the obtained results were compared to those of non-reduced anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂). The EPR results showed that the concentrations of paramagnetic species (i.e., oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti³⁺) in Re-A-TiO₂ were much higher than that in A-TiO₂, while the former was associated with a higher OV/Ti³⁺ ratio. The intensities of the EPR signals were significantly affected by the adsorbed water, and this phenomenon was explored in combination with ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ appeared at larger chemical shifts, denoting the increased acidity of the sample, and these ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ were more difficult to remove than those on A-TiO₂. On the other hand, different features were observed for the signals arising from the two-coordinated oxygen atoms (μ₂-O) in ¹⁷O NMR, suggesting a typical anatase TiO₂(101) surface on A-TiO₂, but a more complex surface environment for Re-A-TiO₂. Furthermore, a larger amount of hydroxyl groups (OH) were observed on Re-A-TiO₂ compared to that on A-TiO₂, indicating a larger proportion of exposed (001) facets on Re-A-TiO₂. However, the μ₂-O signals broadened and became similar when the drying temperature was increased to 100 ℃, indicating a non-faceted anatase TiO₂ surface in such conditions. Based on the EPR and NMR results, a significant fraction of the OH species is believed to be formed from the reaction of the paramagnetic centers and adsorbed water molecules. The ¹H→¹⁷O cross polarization (CP) MAS and two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR spectra were used to verify the spatial proximity of the hydrogen and oxygen species, confirming the spectral assignments of a strongly adsorbed water and one type of surface OH species. In particular, the ¹H NMR signals at approximately 11 ppm were ascribed to the hydrogen species in the intramolecular hydrogen bond. In summary, this study investigated the paramagnetic species and surface structure of anatase TiO₂ materials by combining EPR along with ¹H and ¹⁷O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The differences in the surface structures of Re-A-TiO₂ and A-TiO₂ should be closely related to their different properties toward the photodegradation of methyl orange.