单轴拉伸对Nafion 结构及性能的影响

²H NMR 和PFG-NMR 用于研究拉伸过程中Nafion 结构的改变以及对溶剂分子运动性质的影响．²H 谱表明单轴拉伸Nafion 膜在拉伸比率较低情况下（L < 5），通道排列取向程度随着拉伸比率变大而增大，同时扩散实验表明水分子的运动能力也得到增强，表明取向化的通道网络有助于增强材料取向方向质子的导电能力，可以用于提高质子膜材料性能．在取向达到最大值后（L≥5）继续拉伸，膜内水分子的移动能力相比略有降低．溶胀实验表明取向膜的溶胀行为呈各向异性,拉伸作用致使膜内通道沿拉伸方向取向排列，通道的取向效应使得其在垂直拉伸方向（Y）和膜厚度方向（Z）溶胀更为显著．拉伸Nafion 膜对甲醇的吸附能力随着拉伸比率的增加而增强，同时甲醇的扩散数据显示，甲醇的运动能力在该通道网络中也随着拉伸比率的变大而不断增强，甲醇燃料在该类质子膜内的渗透效
应得以增强，不利于其在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用．     

Synthesis of pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile and 1,2,4-triazine-5（4H）-one derivatives from furan-2,3-diones

The reaction of furan-2,3-diones with S-methylisothiosemicarbazide hydroiodide yielded novel 1,2,4- triazine-5（4H）-ones, and reaction of furan-2,3-diones with diaminomaleonitrile led to the formation of pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives, and the hydrolysis of these products led to the formation of more new pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives. These compounds are potential herbicides and pesticides.     

Ir和IrPd催化剂的合成及结构调控对其甲醇氧化性能的影响

以三嵌段共聚物P123(聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷,PEO₂₀-PPO₇₀-PEO₂₀)为还原剂和保护剂,比较了水热法和溶剂热法对纯Ir和IrPd合金催化剂合成及其电催化氧化甲醇(MOR)性能的影响。对于纯Ir催化剂,在相同条件下,溶剂热法能更好地促进Ir前驱体的还原。对于IrPd合金催化剂,溶剂热法可制得表面富含Ir但MOR活性较低的核壳结构产物(IrPd-S)。水热反应得到的不同原子比(IrPd、Ir₂Pd、IrPd₂)的产物粒径更小,元素分布更均匀。其中比例为1∶1的IrPd (IrPd-H)催化剂的MOR电催化活性最高。上述结果表明,通过调节溶剂类型以及P123的结构诱导作用,可以有效地调节纯Ir和IrPd合金催化剂的结构、表面组成和电催化活性。     

可逆Diels-Alder反应

通过高效的反应精确合成功能分子已成为现代化学发展的趋势之一。基于呋喃/马来酰亚胺(MI)之间的Diels-Alder(D-A)反应作为一种高效的和高选择性的点击反应,克服了铜催化的叠氮/炔之间的1,3-偶极环化加成(CuAAC)反应中引起的金属污染等缺点,为生物医药载体、功能性材料的制备提供更可行的途径。同时,呋喃/MI之间的D-A反应具备原料易得、反应条件温和及易发生retro D-A(rD-A)反应等优点,在制备响应性材料领域备受关注。本文综述了近年基于呋喃/MI的可逆D-A反应在响应性聚合物合成、智能材料、生物分子及表面修饰等方面的应用,并展望了D-A反应的发展前景。     

离子色谱法测定甲醇和噻吩中硫、氯含量

建立了测定工业用甲醇和噻吩中硫、氯含量的离子色谱检测方法。样品经(700±25)℃灼烧后,残留物用蒸馏水洗涤,利用离子色谱仪进行分析。甲醇和噻吩中硫、氯检测结果的相对标准偏差为1.04%~1.26%,加标回收率为99.2%~101.2%。该方法操作简单,精密度和准确度高,可用于大部分可燃性有机化合物中硫、氯含量的检测。     

Theoretical Insights into Intermolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Strengthening in Fluorenone-Methanol Complexes Induced by Electronic Excitation and Bulk Solvent Effect

This work presents a theoretical insight into the variation of the site-specific intermolecular hydrogen-bonding （HB）, formed between C=O group of fluorenone （FN） and O-H groups of methanol （MeOL） molecules, induced by both the electronic excitation and the bulk solvent effect. Through the calculation of molecular ground- and excited-state properties, we not only demonstrate the characters of HB strengthening induced by electronic excitation and the bulk solvent effect but also reveal the underlying physical mechanism which leads to the HB variation. The strengthening of the intermolecular HB in electronically excited states and in liquid solution is characterized by the reduced HB bond-lengths and the red-shift IR spectra accompanied by the increasing intensities of IR absorption corresponding to the characteristic vibrational modes of the O-H and C--O stretching. The HB strengthening in the excited electronic states and in solution mainly arises from the charge redistribution of the FN molecule induced by the electronic excitation and bulk solvent instead of the intermolecular charge transfer. The charge redistribution of the solute molecule increases the partial dipole moment of FN molecule and the FN-MeOL intermolecular interaction, which subsequently leads to the HB strengthening. With the bulk solvent effect getting involved, the theoretical IR spectra of HBed FN-MeOL complexes agree much better with the experiments than those of gas-phase FN-MeOL dimer. All the calculations are carried out based on our developed analytical approaches for the first and second energy derivatives of excited electronic state within the time-dependent density functional theory.     

醋酸溶液中Pd-CuPc/Y催化甲烷选择氧化制甲醇

以氯化铜、钼酸铵、苯酐、氯化铵、尿素和NaY分子筛为原料,采用苯酐-尿素法制备了酞菁铜/分子筛复合物CuPc/Y.采用等体积浸渍法将金属钯担载在CuPc/Y上制备了Pd-CuPc/Y催化剂,并在醋酸水溶液中考察了其催化甲烷选择氧化合成甲醇反应的性能,结果表明,催化性能与反应温度、溶剂中CH₃COOH与H₂O的混合比例、对苯醌用量、反应时间等因素有关,在0.5%Pd-0.5%CuPc/Y添加量0.5 g、CH₃COOH与H₂O体积比4∶1、对苯醌用量1 000 μmol、反应时间3 h、反应温度150 ℃的条件下,甲醇的最佳生成量为1 840 μmol.Pd-CuPc/Y催化剂可以多次循环使用,但由于催化剂流失和催化剂表面的钯粒子聚集的原因,循环使用后的催化剂催化活性有所下降.Pd-CuPc/Y在醋酸溶液中催化甲烷选择氧化合成甲醇是亲电取代反应和活性氧物种氧化共同作用的结果.     

Pt/Au/Fe3O4的制备及其电化学性能

以制得的纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒作为载体,用还原法将还原出的Au与Pt分别负载到Fe₃O₄颗粒表面,制得纳米Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄复合材料。对Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄进行紫外可见光吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射及光电子能谱等物理表征,结果表明,Au与Pt均匀地沉积到了Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒表面。对纳米Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄复合材料进行循环伏安扫描,当H₂PtCl₆的加入量达到8 mL时,Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄催化性能最佳;正扫电流峰i_p与扫描速率的平方根v^1/2线性相关,Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄催化氧化甲醇的过程受扩散控制;对催化剂进行201次循环伏安扫描,催化剂仍然能保持较好的催化性能且稳定性良好。因此,所合成催化剂Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄是一种具有良好化学稳定性的阳极催化剂材料。     

Ce-Zr复合氧化物负载Au纳米粒子催化甲醇氧化反应中的载体效应

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了不同Ce/Zr比的Au/Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)催化剂,研究了其催化甲醇完全氧化反应和选择氧化反应中的载体效应.通过X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、高分辨透射电镜、CO2和NH3程序升温脱附以及CO吸附红外光谱等手段表征了催化剂的结构、组成和酸碱性.结果表明,这些催化剂具有相似的载体粒径和晶相结构、Au担载量、Au粒径和价态以及相似的表面酸碱性等.在甲醇完全氧化和甲醇选择氧化反应中,Au/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂活性均随载体中Ce/Zr比的减小而降低.与催化剂储氧量,即表面活性氧浓度下降一致.对于甲醇选择氧化反应,甲酸甲酯选择性则随Ce/Zr比减小而升高.这不是由于催化剂表面酸碱性差异所致,而是与催化剂载体中Ce含量降低导致的表面活性氧浓度减小和催化剂的氧化能力减弱密切相关.Au催化剂载体效应本质的认识将有助于为目标氧化反应设计具有更高活性或选择性的催化剂体系.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a B-H Activated Compound Containing a Furan Ring and an ortho-Carborane Cage

A new compound [CpCo（Se2C2BIoH9）CH2C（O）C4H30] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR, MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 10.9481（10）, b = 24.6600（12）, c = 25.7430（14） A, β = 100.863（3）°, C42H57B30Co306Se6＂CH2C12＂0.25H20, Mr = 1722.16, V = 6825.6（8） A3, Dc= 1.676 g/cm3, Z = 1 and F（000） = 3346. The molecular structure shows a 1：1 ratio product of the two reactants of 16e half-sandwich complex CpCo（Se2C2B10H10） and alkyne 1-（2-furyl）-2-propyn-l-one. The hydrogen atom in the B（3） position of CpCo（Se2C2B10HIo） has been activated and migrated to the terminal carbon of 1-（2-furyl）- 2-propyn-l-one to form the B-CH2 unit. The title compound molecules are linked and extended further into a one-dimensional chain through atypical hydrogen bonds.