乙烯-辛烯共聚物/淀粉共混体系的非等温结晶动力学

通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了乙烯-辛烯共聚物/淀粉共混体系的非等温结晶动力学,用Jeziorny和Ozawa方程描述了结晶动力学过程.共混物的结晶温度和结晶焓强烈依赖于淀粉含量和冷却速率.结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,每个试样的结晶放热曲线均变宽,并向低温区移动.当温度一定高时,所有试样均具有较快的结晶速率. Jeniorzy方程可以较好地描述POE/淀粉共混物的非等温结晶模式,而Ozawa方程对于POE/淀粉共混体系不太适合.     

Influence of Nucleation Agents Concentration on Crystallization Structure and Properties of Glass-ceramics

Deep color glass-ceramics is prepared by using gold tailings as the main raw material, and Cr2O3 is added as nucleation agent. Influence of different Cr2O3 additions on crystallization structure and properties of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics has been discussed so as to select optimum additions. DTA is employed to determine optimum crystallization and nucleation temperatures; XRD and SEM are used to characterize microstructure of each sample; and performance indexes, such as water absorption, bulk density, flexural strength and so on, are also determined. Experimental results show that when 3wt% Cr2O3 is introduced, fine glass-ceramics with diopside as the main crystal and Ca-Fe diopside as the second-crystal is obtained, and its corresponding performance indexes are as follows: water absorption 0.12%, bulk density 2.56 g/cm3, and flexural strength 70.01 Mpa.     

溶剂诱导聚合物结晶的研究进展

溶剂诱导结晶(SINC)又称为液体诱导结晶,它是结晶性高聚物在溶剂(或包括其蒸汽)作用下,在低于通常Tg下诱导结晶,而在高于通常Tg时能加速结晶的现象。本文主要对溶剂诱导结晶的机理、动力学和形态学进行了讨论。     

剪切历史对尼龙熔体结晶行为的影响

采用差示扫描量热法研究了原始聚酰胺材料在经历不同的预剪切过程或应用不同设备进行剪切后其结晶行为的变化,结果表明,原始样品经过预剪切后,结晶温度升高5～10℃,半结晶时间降低到原始样品的一半.当聚酰胺材料经历很低的剪切时其结晶温度就有很大的提高,进一步提高剪切强度,结晶温度的增加趋势变缓.偏光显微镜观察表明有剪切历史的样品,球晶尺寸减小.作为对此,聚烯烃和聚酯材料的结晶对剪切历史不敏感,剪切与非剪切样品的结晶行为基本相同,据此推测聚酰胺分子间氢键可能是这种剪切记忆效应产生的原因.     

单链和寡链等规聚苯乙烯聚集体的结晶行为

自1960年Hoffman等提出聚合物结晶成核理论以来,人们对聚合物结晶生长速率、片晶的侧向尺寸随过冷度的变化等现象成功地进行了理论描述．1997年,Hoffman等对聚合物结晶成核理论进行修正,将de Gennes的聚合物“蛇行”概念。引入表面成核理论,通过对单根分子链从过冷熔体“卷绕”到晶体前沿所需的时间进行估算,其结果远远低于Flory预言时间约3～5个数量级,据此,Hoff-man认为,在聚合物结晶过程中,分子链在强迫稳态下的“蛇行”运动有足够的时间解缠结和结晶。     

聚酯型脂肪族和芳香族聚氨酯硬段结晶特性对比

本文利用DSC、IR、WAXD、PLM和SALS等实验手段,探讨了具有相同软段的聚酯型脂肪族和芳香族聚氨酯硬段结晶特性的差异,发现脂肪族聚氨酯的相分离速率极快,氢键主要在硬段间形成,因而对硬段的结晶过程影响不大;而芳香族聚氨酯的相分离速率较慢,软硬段间又能形成氢键,因而对硬段的结晶起了阻碍作用。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学——XⅦ.MgO-B_2O_3-28%MgCl_2-H_2O体系20℃热力学非平衡态液固相关系研究

用动力学方法对MgO·nB_2O_3在28%MgCl_2-H_2O浓盐溶液中形成的过饱和溶液的结晶过程进行研究,首次得到MgO-B_2O_3-MgCl_2-H_2O体系过饱和区内的液固相关系图,即热力学非平衡态液固相关系图.该相图有六个相区:H_3BO_3,MgO·3B_2O_3·7.5H_2O,MgO·3B_2O_3·7H_2O,2MgO·2B_2O_3·MgCl_2·14H_2O,3Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·8H_2O和5Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·8H_2O.拟合得到各结晶过程的动力学方程,同时对结晶机制进行了探讨.     

Co-crystallization of Resorcin[4]arene Tetracarboxylic Acid with Triethylamine: Synthesis and Crystal Structure

Treatment of resorcin[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid 1 with triethylamine in the presence of Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O and 4,4'-bipyridine gave a co-crystallization 14-·4Et3NH+(C32H20O164-·4Et3NH+,Mr=1069.27) from ethanol and water.The compound was structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic,space group P21/n,with a=8.1763(18),b=12.913(3),c=28.724(7) ,β=97.574(4)o,V=3006.3(12) 3,Z=2,Dc=1.181 g/cm3,F(000)=1152,Rint=0.0275,T=293(2) K,μ=0.086 mm-1,the final R=0.0634 and wR=0.1752 for 5082 observed reflections with Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ).The co-crystallization is very stable at room temperature.Possibly,a network of N-H···O(=C) plays an important role in the structure.Meanwhile,the compound emits a weak cyan luminescence with peak maximum band at 458 nm.     

弹性散射法研究间规聚苯乙烯的冷结晶行为

用弹性光散射方法研究了间规聚苯乙烯(s-PS)的非等温冷结晶行为和等温结晶动力学.结果表明,弹性散射信号对s-PS的冷结晶过程中的构象变化非常敏感.弹性散射法所得的大分子链玻璃化转变温度Tg以及冷结晶温度Tc与DSC的测量结果一致.此外,通过散射强度随温度的变化可以更为清晰地分辨出冷结晶过程中各个阶段,包括晶体成核期,晶核生长期以及二次结晶期.通过等温弹性散射测试,同时结合Arrhenius方程,计算得到s-PS冷结晶表观活化能Ea为309 kJ/mol.