~(13)C代谢通量分析

代谢通量分析(metabolic flux analysis,MFA)是通过确定代谢网络中代谢流分布来表征细胞代谢状态的强有力的工具。鉴于计量学代谢通量分析在处理复杂代谢网络时表现出的局限性,发展了以13C标记实验为基础的13C MFA。本文介绍了13C MFA的原理与方法,总结和评述了13C MFA在实验与数据分析方面的最新进展以及MFA在功能基因组研究中的重要地位,同时对代谢通量分析的发展前景进行了展望。     

功能高分子活性材料硫酸根离子选择电极的研制

利用辐射方法制备硫酸根离子选择电极活性材料,至今未见报导,我们首次采用辐射接枝方法制备了以疏水性高分子为骨架的带有SO~-活性基团的功能高分子活性材料,研制了硫酸根离子选择电极。结果表明,该电极具有内阻低,响应快,稳定性较好的特点,且其功能曲线的线性范围为10~(-1)～10~(-4)MSO_4~-,适宜的pH范围为4～9。     

烟碱分子烙印聚合物的吸附特性

利用分子烙印技术，以烟碱为烙印分子，甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂，合成了对烟碱具有特异性作用的分子烙印聚合物P(Nic)；通过平衡吸附实验，评价了其对烟碱的亲和力和选择性。与非烙印聚合物相比，P(Nic)对烟碱表现了很高的亲和力；Scatchard分析表明在P(Nic)中存在对烟碱有不同的亲和力的两类作用位点。通过与氨基吡啶类物质在P(Nic)上的吸附行为比较，表明P(Nic)对烟碱具有很好的选择性。本工作证明了用P(Nic)作为固相萃取(SPE)材料选择性地从烟草烟雾中提取烟碱的可能性。     

食物中的钼与人体健康

综述了食物中钼与人体健康之间的关系.主要包括常见食物中的钼含量,钼在人体中的代谢,钼的生物学功能以及钼对人体健康的影响等.     

镍与生物

镍是一种稀有金属元素，也是动植物和人的必需营养微量元素。本文对镍的生物学功能及对有机体可能造成的损害进行了详细地阐述。     

职业性铅接触对行为功能的影响

对３５名铅作业工城套的行为功能测验，接触组与对照组比较，１６项行为功能测验中有１４项得分有统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０１或Ｐ〈０．０５），半数项目行为功能测验得分有随着铅作业工人龄增长而呈该增或该减的趋势。作者认为铅对作业工人行为功能的影响是肯定的，用行为功能测验的方法来研究铅的神经毒性是可取的简便方法。     

双功能型嵌入镍纳米颗粒的碳棱柱状微米棒电极用于电化学甲醇氧化助力的节能产氢

With the rapid development of human society, clean energy forms are imperative to sustain the normal operations of various mechanical and electrical facilities under a cozy environment. Hydrogen is considered among the most promising clean energy sources for the future. Recently, electrochemical water splitting has been considered as one of the most efficient approaches to harvest hydrogen energy, which generates only non-pollutant water on combustion. However, the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction significantly restricts the efficiency of water splitting and requires a relatively high cell voltage to drive the electrolysis. Therefore, seeking a thermodynamically favorable anodic reaction to replace the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction by utilizing highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for the anodic reaction and hydrogen evolution are crucial for achieving energy-efficient hydrogen production for industrial applications. Nevertheless, it is known that the oxygen evolution reaction can be replaced with other useful and thermodynamically favorable reactions to reduce the electrolysis voltage for realizing energy-efficient hydrogen production. Therefore, in this study, we present a bifunctional nickel nanoparticle-embedded carbon (Ni@C) prism-like microrod electrocatalyst synthesized via a two-step method involving the synthesis of a precursor metal-organic framework-74 and subsequent carbonization treatment for methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution. The interfacial structure consisting of a nickel and carbon skeleton was realized via in situ carbonization. However, the dispersed nickel nanoparticles do not easily aggregate owing to the partition by the surrounding carbon as it would sufficiently expose the active Ni sites to the electrolytes, ensuring fast charge transfer between the catalyst and electrolytes by accelerating the electrochemical kinetics. In the anodic methanol oxidation, the products were detected as carbon dioxide and formate with faradaic efficiencies of 36.2% and 62.5%, respectively, at an applied potential of 1.55 V. Meanwhile, the Ni@C microrod catalyst demonstrated high activity and durability (2.7% current decay after 12 h of continuous operation) toward methanol oxidation, which demonstrates that methanol oxidation precedes oxidation under voltage forces. Notably, the bifunctional catalyst not only exhibits excellent performance toward methanol oxidation but also yields a low overpotential of 155 mV to drive 10 mA∙cm⁻² toward hydrogen evolution in 1.0 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH aqueous solution with 0.5 mol∙L⁻¹ methanol at room temperature, which guarantees the hydrogen production efficiency. More importantly, the constructed two-electrode electrolyzer produced a current density of 10 mA∙cm⁻² at a low cell voltage of 1.6 V, which decreased by 240 mV after replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with methanol oxidation.     

选择性传输的仿生水通道的研究进展

水通道蛋白是对水分子具有高选择性和渗透性的跨膜蛋白。仿生水通道是由各种无机或有机材料,如碳纳米材料、有机化合物以及肽等分别自组装而成,旨在模仿天然水通道蛋白的结构和功能。本文介绍了水通道蛋白的种类、结构及其特异性透水机理,在此基础上分别对以碳纳米材料、有机及肽孔的仿生水通道的研究进展进行了综述。重点阐述了三类仿生水通道的材料特性及其对仿生水通道结构和功能的影响。最后针对现有仿生水通道的不足,提出了开发新型仿生水通道面临的挑战,并展望了仿生水通道的发展前景。     

基于信息化教学平台提升初中物理作业功能性研究

信息化向教育行业渗透的范围越来越大,合理有效地运用技术带来的便利成为每个教育工作者的必修课.随着我国教育的深入发展,我们需要面对教学的各个环节不断向精细化与实效化发展的客观要求,以及来自各方面因素的参与需要.课后作业作为教学过程中重要的一环同样包括在内.本文的研究方向为信息化平台在初中物理课后作业中的应用,通过研究发现,信息化平台的使用对于初中物理作业功能性的提升会产生积极的作用.