海洋平台K型管节点的疲劳裂纹扩展分析I:试验测试

对承受疲劳载荷的海洋平台K型管节点首先进行了静力测试,确定了沿着焊缝的热应力区的应力分布及热应力区最大应力点的位置,从而判断裂纹产生的位置;然后通过专用测试设备提供循环疲劳载荷,用ACPD(Alternating Current Potential Drop,即交流电流势能落差法)技术检测裂纹的产生和增长过程,得到裂纹最深点,用S-N曲线估算其疲劳寿命.对已有裂纹的K型管节点,用应力强度因子估计其剩余寿命.同时用测试的结果验证了S-N的准确性和可靠性.     

数控抛光技术中抛光盘的去除函数

抛光盘去除函数的确定是数控抛光技术的应用基础,以Ｐｒｅｓｔｏｎ 方程为基础,应用运动学原理推导了抛光盘在行星运动及平转动两种运动方式下的材料去除函数,并通过计算机模拟出相应的工作特性曲线。结果表明,两种运动方式下工作特性曲线均在不同程度上趋近于高斯曲线。因而行星运动及平转动都可作为抛光盘的运动方式应用在ＣＣＯＰ技术中,使加工中的面形误差得到收敛。     

Ab initio方法研究~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子的自旋轨道耦合效应和跃迁性质

本文研究了~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子低态的自旋轨道耦合分裂以及获得更精确的光谱常数和更高的激发态.以从头算理论为基础,使用多参考组态相互作用方法获得了该分子的势能曲线和自旋轨道分裂,之后求解径向一维薛定谔方程获得光谱常数.得到了~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子7个Λ-S低电子态的势能曲线和永久偶极矩,以及A~2Π→~2Σ~+,1~2Δ和C~2Π→~2Σ~+,1~2Δ跃迁的跃迁偶极矩,得到的光谱常数(不管是考虑了自旋轨道耦合(SOC)还是没有考虑SOC)与实验值非常符合,且要好于之前的理论计算结果 .值得注意的是,目前的计算还首次得到了C~2Π→~2Σ+,1~2Δ跃迁的跃迁性质,为之后实验观察~(40)Ca~(35)Cl分子的高激发态光谱和跃迁性质提供有益的理论参考.     

小波分析及其在高光谱噪声去除中的应用

为了消除高光谱遥感图像中光谱曲线的锯齿型噪声,提高利用光谱曲线进行信息提取研究时的精度,文章使用USGS(united states geological survey)光谱库中的植被光谱进行模拟,添加了信噪比为30的噪声后采用小波阈值法进行噪声去除,并利用信噪比、均方误差和光谱角三项指标以及综合评估系数η来对去噪效果进行评估,寻找出最佳的参数组合。实验表明,使用db12,db10,sym9,sym6等小波对含噪光谱进行3～7层分解,采用软阈值函数处理小波变换系数并使用Heursure阈值方案进行阈值估计,然后根据第一层小波分解的噪声水平估计进行阈值调整可以得到满意的去噪效果。不过该方法对噪声水平有一定的依赖性,针对不同噪声水平时需探索更合适的参数组合。     

质子数Z 分别位于Ru 之上和之下的A~(100~126) 丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

基于Ru (Z = 44) 丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh (Z = 45),Pd (Z =46), Ag (Z =47), Cd (Z =48)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之上)及Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42),Tc (Z =43)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之下) 的A~ (100~126) 丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf 自发裂变瞬发 射线-- 三重符合、特别是新建立的--- 四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru, Pd, Cd 和Nb 丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM 和SCTAC 理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru 及其上的Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47) 和Cd (Z = 48) 丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh 丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ = 28°,并在103{106Rh 同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(N = 68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru (N = 70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru 中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd 中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag 核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag 中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag 中提出了趋于三轴形变的软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z = 50, N = 82满壳附近122,124,126Cd 核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 MeV), 经具有大三轴形变的Rh核γ=28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ~41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 MeV),再经Ag核中的软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh_11/2)2 中子转动顺排的上行驱动,和第二带交叉(πg_9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd 中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd, 两者均为N = 68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在N =68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru 和110Pd 多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru (Z = 44) 之下的Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42) and Tc (Z = 43) 丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了自由度;较重的Nb核(A = 104~106) 基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的Nb核(A≤103) 基态均接近轴对称形状;在Nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100Nb(N = 59),在100-106Nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在Nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A~(100~126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和Nb 同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。This paper reviews the systematic investigations and understanding for the shape transitions and coexistence with regard to triaxial deformations in A s 100 to 126 neutron-rich Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47), Cd (Z = 48) and Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42), Tc (Z = 43) isotopes with Z beyond and below Ru (Z = 44), respectively, in Ru the maximal triaxial deformation having been predicted and deduced. The recent measurements and studies of prompt triple- and four-fold, γ-γ-γ and γ-γ-γ-γ, coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using Gammasphere have yielded considerable expansion and extension or first observation of the bands in Ru, Pd, Cd, and Nb isotopes,which provided important data for the studies of nuclear shapes in this region. Combined with previous investigations, recent systematic studies of the new data well reproduced by PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM and SCTAC model calculations have traced shape changes along the isotonic and isotopic chains, respectively,and with changing excitations/spins as well, significantly expanding our knowledge of shape transitions/coexistence in nuclei.For the neutron-rich Ru and beyond, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd isotopes, triaxial deformations γ= 28°,slightly smaller than the maximal value, were deduced in Rh (Z = 45) isotopes, with chiral symmetry breaking proposed in 103-106Rh; onset of wobbling motions were identified in 112Ru and 114Pd (N =68),and probably also in 114Ru (N =70); evolution from chiral symmetry breaking in 110,112Ru with maximal triaxial deformations to disturbed chirality in 112,114,116Pd with less pronounced triaxial deformations was proposed; rich nuclear structure was proposed in soft Ag isotopes with possible chiral doubling structure suggested in 104,105Ag, and softness towards triaxial deformation proposed in heavier 115,117Ag;quasi-particle couplings, quasi-rotations and soft triaxiality were suggested in Cd (Z =48) isotopes with small deformations; onset of collectivity was recently suggested in 122,124,126Cd in the vicinity of Z =50 and N = 82 closed shells by studies of Coulomb excitations; shape evolutions from maximal triaxial deformations in Ru (γ=30°, with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.67 MeV), through Rh with large triaxial deformations ( γ=28°), to less pronounced triaxiality in Pd (with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.32 MeV), then soft triaxiality in Ag, and finally to slightly deformed Cd isotopes but with emergence of collectivity and soft triaxiality were proposed. The systematic studies of the band crossings in Pd revealed up-rising drivings of the first band crossings caused by (νh_11/2)2 and down-sloping drivings of the second band crossings by (πg_9/2)2, explained the onset of wobbling motions in 114Pd,and showed a long-sought picture of shape evolution and coexistence in the Pd isotopic chain which is more complete but complex than earlier predictions. Based on the systematic studies in the mass region,maximal triaxial deformation is found to be reached in 112Ru and less-pronounced triaxiality centered at 114Pd, both for N =68, four neutrons more than predicted in earlier theoretical calculations.In the neutron-rich Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42) and Tc (Z =43) isotopes with Z just below Ru, large quadrupole deformations of axially symmetric shapes were deduced in Y and Zr isotopes, with emergence of the degree of freedom having been suggested for heavier Zr isotopes; medium triaxial deformations were deduced for the ground states of heavier (A > 104) Nb isotopes, and, with increasing excitations and spins, evolution from medium triaxial deformations with strong quadrupole deformations at ground states to nearly axially-symmetric shapes were deduced; light Nb isotopes (A6103) have near axially-symmetric shapes with strong quadrupole deformations; combining with the identification of onset of strong quadrupole deformation at 100Nb in the Nb isotopic chain, an increase of soft triaxiality with increasing neutron number was proposed in 100-106Nb. Shape coexistence with regard to soft triaxiality is also proposed in Nb isotopes; large triaxial deformations, vibrations and chiral doublets were proposed in Mo isotopes; chiral doubling and large triaxial deformations (γ ~26°) slightly smaller than the maximal triaxiality were suggested in Tc isotopes.The neutron-rich nuclei with Z ranging from 41 through 48 and A ~100 to 126, especially the Pd and Nb isotopes are thus found to be transitional nuclei with regard to triaxiality.     

窄带脉冲信号测量横波衰减系数-频率曲线的方法

提出一种测量材料超声横波衰减-频率曲线(αs-f)的方法:应用窄带脉冲驱动接触式横波探头的脉冲反射方式,采用石英晶体作为耦合块,通过测量耦合块和被测试块耦合界面的声压反射和透射系数,并在衍射修正下测量得到单频率下的超声横波衰减系数;在探头有效带宽内改变发射频率并重复测量,得到不同频率下超声横波衰减系数数值;利用非线性最...     

双原子分子激发态势能的自旋相关局域Hartree-Fock密度泛函理论方法

基于自旋相关局域Hartree-Fock (SLHF)势函数,本文提出了一种计算双原子分子激发态势能的密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,并将该方法应用于和的激发态势能曲线的计算。在只考虑交换能的情况下,本文的DFT计算结果与文献中精确方法和Hartree-Fock (HF)方法的结果符合的非常好,说明采用SLHF势函数作为交换势的DFT方法是一个很好的计算激发态势能的方法。本文还计算和探讨了电子的关联势函数和关联能,发现传统的近似方法在较大核间距的情况下大大低估了电子的关联能.     

曲线曲面积分中利用对称性及曲线曲面方程化简

证明了曲线曲面积分中有关对称性的两个命题,并举例说明了命题结论在一些特殊类型曲线曲面积分计算中的应用.还探讨了在对坐标的曲线积分及曲面积分中利用曲线方程或曲面方程化简的问题.     

内积在溶液浓度测定中的应用

提出内积的溶液浓度测定方法。该方法计算已知浓度溶液透光率曲线与0号溶液（浓度最低的溶液）透光率曲线的内积ρ,确定溶液的ρ-C曲线,然后测定未知溶液的透光率曲线,计算其与0号溶液透光率曲线的内积,并利用已建立好的ρ-C曲线进行插值以估计溶液浓度。由于该方法利用了透光率曲线的全部信息,因此对溶液浓度的估计精度较高。对K2Cr2O7溶液浓度的测定实验结果表明,该方法对溶液浓度的估计相对误差小于1.00%。     

利用回归分析拟合Duncan-Chang双曲线E-γ模型的材料参数

介绍了回归分析的基本概念及求解回归系数的方法,并分析了利用回归分析Duncan-Chang双曲线E-γ土力学模型时所建立起的方程组的特点.而基于方程组的这些特点及材料参数的数值限制,提出了在求解之前需先设定其中一个材料参数R_f的值.最后,通过一个例子的分析,总结了回归分析计算结果的特点,并对R_f值之设定作出了说明及探讨.