应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的基于染料R6的含有不同吸电子基团的有机染料的理论研究

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most promising alternatives to traditional fossil energy because of their advantages of low production cost, facile structure, relatively low environmental impact, relatively high photoelectronic absorption efficiency, and overall high efficiency. In addition, several studies on sensitizers as vital components have been conducted over the last three decades. Compared to metal dyes, metal-free organic dyes have been considered as promising candidates because of their simple fabrication, multiple structures, high molar absorption coefficients, easily tunable properties, and environmental friendliness. In this study, we systematically investigated the optoelectronic properties of six metal-free organic donor-acceptor dyes (RD1–6) derived from the known dye R6 by using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods. Cell performance parameters were discussed, including the geometrical and electronic structures, absorption spectrum, adsorption energy, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) curve, predictive short circuit current density (J_sc^Pred.), predictive open circuit voltage (V_oc^Pred.), and theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE). Results revealed that all the designed dyes exhibited high theoretical PCE. In particular, dyes RD1, 2, and 4–6 showed greater conjugations, and dyes RD1–3 had smaller energy gaps than those of the reference dye. In addition, dyes RD1–3, 5, and 6 exhibited better light harvesting capacities that covered the entire visible region and extended to the near-infrared region with obviously red-shift maximum absorption wavelengths (λ_max), wider LHE curves, and higher J_sc^Pred. as compared to the reference dye. It was critical that dyes RD1 and 2 not only have greater conjugations and narrow band gaps but also good light harvesting capacities with more than 56-nm red-shift maximum absorption wavelengths and broadened LHE curves than those of the reference dye. Notably, mainly because of an average increment of 12.0% of J_sc^Pred., a remarkable increment of the theoretical power conversion efficiency was observed from 12.6% for dye R6 to 14.1% for dyes RD1 and 2. Thus, dyes RD1 and 2 exhibited superior cell performances and could be promising sensitizer candidates for highly efficient DSSCs. These results could be used to guide effective synthetic efforts in the discovery of efficient metal-free organic dye sensitizers in DSSCs.     

不同pH下人血清白蛋白热变性及结构可逆性研究

本文通过用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、动态光散射(DLS)和圆二色谱(CD)检测不同p H下人血清白蛋白(HSA)的结构,并观察其随p H变化的可逆性,以探讨不同p H对HSA结构的影响及HSA结构在p H变化下的可逆性。结果表明,p H7.0条件下HSA的热稳定性最好,热变性温度(Tm)为68.17±0.06℃,不同p H条件下HSA三级结构均发生了一定程度的改变,酸性和碱性条件下的HSA调回p H7.0后变性温度接近于p H7.0条件下的Tm值。不同p H条件下的粒径相对于p H7.0条件下增大,调回p H7.0后减小。CD实验表明了p H对HSA二级结构的影响。HSA结构在不同p H下调回中性条件时会重新折叠,但不能恢复中性条件下的结构状态。     

新型单羟基氯代咔咯的合成及其光断裂DNA性质

以五氟苯甲醛和吡咯经缩合反应合成了五氟苯基二吡咯烷烃(1); 1与3-氯-4-羟基苯甲醛经缩合反应合成了一个新的10-位苯环被氯原子取代的单羟基自由咔咯--10-(3-氯-4-羟苯基)-5,15-二(五氟苯基)咔咯(〖STHZ〗2〖STBZ〗),收率12.0%,其结构经UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, ¹⁹F NMR, HR-ESI-MS和X-射线单晶衍射表征。琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验发现：2在光照下能够有效引起超螺旋质粒pBR 322 DNA发生断裂,当浓度为100 μmol·L^-1时,活性最强,断裂百分比为68%。     

多晶Hg0.09Cd0.91Te薄膜的光电化学行为

富镉Hg_(1-x)Cd_xTe是一种新型的光电转换材料,已用于固体结太阳能光伏电池:ITO/CdS/Hg_(1-)Cd_xTe/Au。我们曾对Hg_(1-x)Cd_xTe的电沉积机理作过研究。最近我们用电沉积制备的Hg_(0.09)Cd_(0.91)Te多晶薄膜做成了液体结太阳能光电化学电池并观察到明显光电响应。     

交流电方法用于单晶n-CdTe光电极性能的研究

本文应用循环伏安法研究了n型碲化镉单晶电极的光致腐蚀行为; 并运用PAR M368电化学阻抗系统测得了此电极在不同电位下的交流复阻抗图, 估算了此电极表面态密度及其它参数。实验结果表明, n-CdTe/液体结具有Sehottky结的特征, 此电极的Fermi能级可能有"钉扎"现象。     

一些光敏剂水溶液体系光生电势与光催化产氢的关系

在太阳能分解水制氢研究中存在的一个问题,是产氢要消耗化学试剂(电子给体),以人们研究得很多的Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-MV²⁺-EDTA-铂催化剂体系为例^[1].     

电活性分子L-B膜修饰CdSe薄膜电极的光电化学研究

用电活性分子——硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜修饰了薄膜CdSe电极,在单色光650nm光照下用循环伏安法研究修饰的薄膜电极的光电化学性能。研究结果指出经多层L-B膜修饰后,薄膜CdSe电极的,I-V性能和光稳定性都有明显改善。用界面能级关系讨论了硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜在光照的CdSe薄膜/Fe(CN)₆^4-溶液界面起传递电荷的中介作用,加速了界面的电荷转移。     

CoOx改性TiO2光催化剂的制备、优化及其光催化分解水析氢性能研究

利用热分解法制备了不同掺杂量的CoO_x-TiO₂系列光催化剂, 并优化了制备方法。在用XRD、TEM和XPS等技术对催化剂表征的基础上，探讨了乙醇作为电子给体时CoO_x改性对P25-TiO₂光催化分解水析氢性能的影响。本文还利用连续瞬态电流-时间响应和循环伏安法等电化学方法，考察了CoO_x-TiO₂改性系列光催化剂光照条件下电流响应强度、起始光电响应特性差别及光催化析氢电位变化等光电化学性能。光催化性能实验结果表明，适当掺杂CoO_x(110～400 ℃焙烧时最佳掺杂量约为0.4wt% Co，500 ℃焙烧时最佳掺杂量约为0.6～0.8wt% Co)能够显著地提高TiO₂析氢光催化性能，产氢速率提高2个数量级。另外在适当温度下的热处理，能够改善催化剂光催化性能(最佳处理温度为300～400 ℃)。光电化学性能评价结果表明，适当掺杂CoO_x和适当温度下焙烧能在催化剂表面形成较多的析氢活性物种——含钴复合物，能有效增强催化剂光电流响应强度，并使得析氢光还原电位向有利于析氢方向位移。高含量掺杂CoO_x会在催化剂表面形成某种碳化物物种，大量含钴复合物活性中心的出现会降低光吸收效率，增加TiO₂表面光生电子-空穴复合率而使催化剂失去析氢光催化性能。     

配体形状对多吡啶铜(Ⅱ)配合物与DNA作用的影响

合成了一系列含有平面配体的Cu(Ⅱ)多吡啶配合物[Cu(IP)₂]²⁺、[Cu(PIP)₂]²⁺、[Cu(DPPZ)₂]²⁺和[Cu(HPIP)₂]²⁺，用吸收光谱、CD光谱和粘度等方法研究了这些配合物与小牛胸腺DNA的作用。结果表明配体上的取代基及配体的平面性对这些四面体配合物与DNA的结合强弱产生一定的影响。[Cu(DPPZ)₂]²⁺与DNA的结合较强，而[Cu(HPIP)₂]²⁺与DNA的结合较弱。CD光谱显示配合物[Cu(DPPZ)₂]²⁺、[Cu(PIP)₂]²⁺和[Cu(HPIP)₂]²⁺的加入会导致DNA的CD光谱减弱。而[Cu(IP)₂]²⁺的加入则会使DNA的CD光谱增强。同时，[Cu(IP)₂]²⁺与DNA结合后，还会引起一定程度的DNA构型转换，即DNA从B型转换成Z型。