智能一体化蒸馏仪蒸馏-全自动流动注射分析仪测定底泥中挥发酚

采用碱液浸提底泥中挥发酚后,由于溶液浑浊,且存在干扰,若直接采用流动注射分析仪进行测定,极易堵塞仪器的管路,进而影响后续测定,故将提取液在酸性条件下加入硫酸铜于全自动智能一体化蒸馏器蒸馏,消除硫化物等的干扰,用全自动流动注射分析仪测定底泥中挥发酚。实验对磷酸、硫酸铜加入量、震荡时间、蒸馏功率和蒸馏体积进行了优化,并确定磷酸过量5mL,加入5g硫酸铜,震荡10min,蒸馏功率为50W,蒸馏重量设置为225g。标准曲线的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9以上,样品和空白加标回收率在89.3%～103%,检出限为0.03mg/kg。实验方法测定底泥中挥发酚样品与传统分光光度法结果一致,不仅实现自动化,而且对环境和人均友好。     

全自动生化分析仪快速测定饮用水中六价铬

在国家标准方法"GB/T 5750.6—2006"的基础上,用无水乙醇代替有毒的丙酮,同时结合生化分析仪的软硬件条件,实现水中六价铬的快速、自动测定。测定方法的线性范围为0~200μg/L,线性相关系数r=0.999 6,检出限为3.9μg/L(取样量为35μL),加标回收率在98.7%~101%。方法具有取样量少、简便快速、自动准确检测等特点,适合大批量样品的分析应用,有效避免人为操作和环境条件对定量测定的不良影响。     

高等植物外周捕光天线LHCⅡ中的超快光动力学过程

利用飞秒抽运探测技术及时间分辨荧光(TRPL)等光谱技术对高等植物LHCⅡ中的超快光动力学过程进行了研究。在其时间分辨荧光光谱中表现出了明显的各向异性特性。实验上观察了LHCⅡ中色素间的能量传递过程,由飞秒动力学发现,单体内Chlb到邻近的Chla之间的能量传递在200～300fs的时间尺度,Chla激子带间的能量弛豫发生在几百飞秒,不同单体Chla分子间能量分布过程在几个皮秒。而时间分辨荧光和飞秒动力学过程中上百皮秒的慢过程归属于不同聚集体间的能量平衡过程或分子构象变化。     

基于CdS和CdSe纳米半导体材料的可见光催化二氧化碳还原研究进展

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The conversion of CO₂ into solar fuels (CO, HCOOH, CH₄, CH₃OH, etc.) using artificial photosynthetic systems is an ideal way to utilize CO₂ as a resource and reduce CO₂ emissions. A typical artificial photosynthetic system is composed of three key components: a photosensitizer (PS) to harvest visible light, a catalyst (C) to catalyze CO₂ or protons into carbon-based fuels or H₂, respectively, and a sacrificial electron donor (SED) to consume the holes generated in the PS. In most cases, the PS and catalyst are two different components of a system. However, some components that possess both light harvesting and redox catalysis functionalities, e.g., nano-semiconductors, are referred to as photocatalysts. During photocatalysis, the PS is typically excited by photons to generate excited electrons. The excited electrons in the PS are transferred to the catalyst to generate a reduced catalyst. The reduced catalyst is used as an active intermediate to perform CO₂ binding and transformation. The PS can be recovered through a reaction with the SED. Nano-semiconductors have been used as photosensitizers and/or photocatalysts in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction systems owing to their excellent photophysical and photochemical properties and photostability. CdS and CdSe nano-semiconductors, such as quantum dots, nanorods, and nanosheets, have been widely used in the construction of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction systems. Systems based on CdS or CdSe nano-semiconductors can be classified into three categories. The first category is systems based on CdS or CdSe photocatalysts. In these systems, CdS or CdSe nano-semiconductors function as photocatalysts to catalyze CO₂ reduction without a co-catalyst under visible-light irradiation. The CO₂ reduction reaction occurs at the surface of the CdS or CdSe nano-semiconductors. The second category is systems based on CdS or CdSe composite photocatalysts. CdS or CdSe nano-semiconductors are combined with functional materials, such as reduced graphene oxide or TiO₂, to prepare composite photocatalysts. These composite photocatalysts are expected to improve the lifetime of the charge separation state and inhibit the photocorrosion of the nano-semiconductors during photocatalysis. The third category is hybrid systems containing a CdS nano-semiconductor and molecular catalysts, such as nickel and cobalt complexes and iron porphyrin. In these hybrid systems, CdS functions as a photosensitizer and the CO₂ reduction reaction occurs at the molecular catalyst. This review article introduces the construction of artificial photosynthetic systems and the photocatalytic mechanism of nano-semiconductors, and summarizes the representative works in the three aforementioned categories of systems. Finally, the challenges of nano-semiconductors for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction are discussed.     

非对称加权惩罚最小二乘算法校正X射线荧光法定量精铜痕量银元素模型

针对精铜中痕量银元素定量时特征X射线存在背景干扰的问题,采用非对称加权惩罚最小二乘算法(arPLS)对X射线荧光光谱进行基线校正,建立精铜中痕量银元素定量检测模型。通过改变算法平滑参数(λ)和收敛条件(ratio),研究痕量元素X射线光谱基线随参数变化规律,对60组光谱数据采用调整参数并图像监控的方式估计基线。所建立的定量模型不确定度系数R²=0.9862,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.0040 wt%。与不经背景校正算法相比,定量模型R²提高了0.0211,RMSE降低了0.0023 wt%,预测值和参考值平均相对误差缩减了2倍,预测不确定度由0.0028 wt%降低为0.0025 wt%。所建立的定量模型可应用于冶金在线检测、金属回收、合金强化等领域。     

FTIR遥测大气中CO2浓度变化及研究其影响因素

通过FTIR遥测北京空气中CO2浓度的变化,发现北京秋季白天CO2浓度的升高主要是由于机动车尾气的排放所引起的.CO2在白天由于光合作用和对流传输,浓度相对较低,浓度值为410μg·mL-1左右.而晚上则由于土壤和生物呼吸以及工业生产等产生的CO2在近地层大气中积累,CO2浓度值偏高,为610μg·mL-1左右.温度越高,CO2的浓度越低,而风速越小,公路边的CO2浓度越高.CO2浓度变化还受到湿度、风速等其他天气条件的影响.     

硝酸稀土对几种水生藻类毒性的初步观察

<正> 硝酸稀土对我国几种习见鱼类及溞类的毒性笔者等已作初步报导,本文主要是观察硝酸稀土对几种水生藻类的毒性影响。Bringmann等虽曾报导过哈维利河水中的碳酸镧和氯化铈对某些藻的中间忍受限度或最小毒性浓度,而当前我国在农业上试验推广的稀土微肥是一种混合稀土的硝酸盐,     

氮气纯度分析仪校准方法

建立氮气纯度分析仪的校准方法.利用氮气纯度标准物质进行试验,考察并拟定仪器的示值误差、测量重复性、响应时间、零点漂移和量程漂移为校准项目,给出具体的参数指标.当氮气的摩尔分数分别为95％～99％、99.0％～99.9％、99.90％～99.99％、99.990％～99.999％、99.9990％～100％ 时,仪器的最...     

流动注射分析仪在烟草分析中的应用

以ＳＫＡＬＡＲ ＳＡ２０００／４０００流动注射分析仪为研究对象,尝试运用该仪器检测烟草中的几种化学成分,考察了检测了结果的准确性和重现性,摸索出该分析仪适合实际工作要求的操作条件,验证了它应用于烟草检测方面的可行性。     

照相影像微结构分析仪PIS软件研制

为了使照相影偈微结构分析仪各装置之间能协调一致地完成指定的操作,并进行各种数据处理,特在微型计算机上开发出一套专用系统软件,简称ＰＩＳ软件,详细介绍该软件的设计原理、基本结构、主要功能及技术特点。