微波辅助快速制备2D/1D ZnIn2S4/TiO2 S型异质结及其光催化制氢性能

The threat and global concern of energy crises have significantly increased over the last two decades. Because solar light and water are abundant on earth, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through water splitting has been considered as a promising route to produce green energy. Therefore, semiconductor photocatalysts play a key role in transforming sunlight and water to hydrogen energy. To date, various photocatalysts have been studied. Among them, TiO₂ has been extensively investigated because of its non-toxicity, high chemical stability, controllable morphology, and high photocatalytic activity. In particular, 1D TiO₂ nanofibers (NFs) have attracted increasing attention as effective photocatalysts because of their unique 1D electron transfer pathway, high adsorption capacity, and high photoinduced electron–hole pair transfer capability. However, TiO₂ NFs are considered as an inefficient photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) because of their disadvantages such as a large band gap (~3.2 eV) and fast recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. Therefore, the development of a high-performance TiO₂ NF photocatalyst is required for efficient solar light conversion. In recent years, several strategies have been explored to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ NFs, including coupling with narrow-bandgap semiconductors (such as ZnIn₂S₄). Recently, microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis has been considered as an important strategy for the preparation of photocatalyst semiconductors because of its low cost, environment-friendliness, simplicity, and high reaction rate. Herein, to overcome the above-mentioned limiting properties of TiO₂ NFs, we report a 2D/1D ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction synthesized through a microwave (MW)-assisted process. Herein, the 2D/1D ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction was constructed rapidly by using in situ 2D ZnIn₂S₄nanosheets decorated on 1D TiO₂ NFs. The loading of ZnIn₂S₄ nanoplates on the TiO₂ NFs could be easily controlled by adjusting the molar ratios of ZnIn₂S₄ precursors to TiO₂ NFs. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples for water splitting under simulated solar light irradiation was assessed. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ composites was significantly improved, and the obtained ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ composites showed increased optical absorption. Under optimal conditions, the highest HER rate of the ZT-0.5 (molar ratio of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂= 0.5) sample was 8774 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, which is considerably higher than those of pure TiO₂ NFs (3312 μmol·g^-1·h^-1) and ZnIn₂S₄nanoplates (3114 μmol·g^-1·h^-1) by factors of 2.7 and 2.8, respectively. Based on the experimental data and Mott-Schottky analysis, a possible mechanism for the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction between ZnIn₂S₄ and TiO₂ was proposed to interpret the enhanced HER activity of the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂heterojunctionphotocatalysts.      

芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚的光催化降解

利用连续流动微反、原位红外和GC/MS等手段考察了芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚（2-CEES）在P25 TiO2上的光催化降解反应,证实CO2和H2O是这个反应的最终产物.详细的跟踪分析表明,除了CO2和H2O外,在反应的气相混合物中可检测到C2H4、CH3CHO、CH4、CO、HCl和H2S；少量小分子的羧酸、醚和砜；微量C2H5SC2H5、C2H5S2C2H5、C2H5SC2H4Cl和CH2ClCH2Cl等中间产物;在反应后的催化剂表面可检测到C2H5S2C2H5、C2H5SC2H4OH、C4H9S2C2H5和C2H5S2C2H4OH、等物.根据这些结果提出了2-CEES光催化降解的反应机理,推断2-CEES的光催化降解涉及脱氯、C－S键断裂、有机硫化物光聚合和裂解等复杂过程最终转化为CO2和H2O.认为各种硫物种在表面的积聚引起了催化剂的缓慢失活.     

萃取体系二相界面荷电物质传输的电化学研究 I: 邻菲咯啉体系中Ni(II)、Co(II)相转移的电化学性质

用线性电流扫描极谱、恒电流单阶跃计时电位法及等电流双阶跃计时电位法, 研究了Ni(II)、Co(II)-邻菲咯啉(phen)体系在1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)/水界面相转移的电化学行为。同时, 研究了相转移过程的机理。结果表明, 电解前, Phen与Ni(II)或Co(II)同时在水相时, Ni(II)、Co(II)行为类同; 若电解前Phen在有机相时, Ni(II)、Co(II)的行为截然不同, 原因在于两者与Phen配位反应的动力学的差异。     

β-蒎烯和马来酸酐的反应及产物表征

研究了β-蒎烯和马来酸酐的烯反应、溶剂中自由基共聚反应和本体热共聚反应,得到了β-蒎烯和马来酸酐烯反应产物和共聚产物,并用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、GPC、DSC进行表征,研究了引发剂浓度、溶剂体系、单体配比、温度等因素对产物的影响.对聚合物进行皂化改性,测量了皂化物浓度对水表面张力的影响.     

N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列的掺杂机理及其光催化活性

以ZnO纳米柱阵列为模板, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出TiO2/ZnO和N掺杂TiO2/ZnO的复合纳米管阵列. 扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)的结果表明: 两种阵列的纳米管均为六角形结构, 直径约为100 nm, 壁厚约为20 nm; 在N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列中, 掺入的N离子主要是以N-Ox、N-C和N-N的形式化学吸附在纳米管表面, 仅有少量的N离子以取代式掺杂的方式占据TiO2晶格O的位置; 表面N物种形成的表面态能级和取代式掺杂导致带隙的窄化, 增强了纳米管阵列的光吸收效率, 促进了光生载流子的分离. 光催化实验结果表明, N离子的掺杂有利于N-TiO2/ZnO复合纳米管阵列光催化活性的提高.     

键连接性指数的建构及其在有机体系中的应用研究

以化学键为基础建构了键连接性指数及分子键连接性指数，该指数同时考虑顶 点原子的化学特征及键的性质．对于任意化学键，键连接性指数Si＝1+△I/R·[（ Z1-h1)m2/n1+(Z2-h2)m1/n2]，分子键连接性指数S为∑i=1^m√Si或∑i=1^m1/√ Si，其中，Z1，Z2为化学键键连原子的价电子数；n1，n2成键原子的价层最高主量 子数；m1，m2为成键原子的氧化数；h1，h2为与成键原子相连的氢原子个数；△I 为成键原子的电负性差(△I≥0)；R为化学键的相对键长．与以顶点为基础的价连 接性指数不同，该指数不仅能方便而有效地应用于饱和碳氢体系亦能有效地应用于 含多重键的不饱和体系及含杂原子的有机体系．研究了饱和碳氢体系标准生成焓， 不饱和碳氢体系和酮、醚、酯体系在水中的溶解度和辛醇/水分配系数，卤代甲烷 体系的标准生成焓，卤代苯体系辛醇/水分配系数，均取得比较满意的结果。     

以车载储氢为目标的储氢材料研究进展

高效、安全的车载储氢技术研发是制约氢燃料电池车规模化商业应用的“瓶颈”环节。相比于高压氢瓶和低温液氢，材料基固态储氢在储氢密度、操作安全性和能源效率方面具有显著优势，因而被公认为最具发展前景的储氢方式。储氢材料历经数十年发展，尤其是随着近年来新型储氢材料的陆续发现，研究领域不断拓展，目前呈多材料体系、多储氢模式并行发展的格局。但与此同时，现有储氢材料／技术与车载储氢应用需求间的巨大差距并未因新型材料的发现而得到有效缩减，难于在温和操作温度下获取高储氢密度仍是各类储氢材料体系研究中面临的共性关键课题。     

N－（N＇，N＇－二甲氨基甲基）丙烯酰胺－过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺聚合的研究

Ｎ－（Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－二甲氨基甲基）丙烯酰胺－过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺聚合的研究潘松汉，唐康泰，王贞，王真智中国科学院广州化学研究所，广州，５１０６５０关键词Ｎ－（Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－二甲氨基甲基）丙烯酰胺、反应动力学、氧化还原体系、相对分子质量及分布为了制备高质量...     

孝义煤电化学脱硫研究

地我高硫煤在碱性体系中的脱硫规律进行了研究，发现当「ＮａＯＨ」＝１ｍｏｌ／ｌ，「煤」＝０．０２５ｇ／ｍｌ，Ｉ＝１００ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２，Ｔ＝３４３Ｋ时可达最佳脱硫效果，产物分析表明Ｏ２的通入可同时提高无机硫和有机硫的脱除率。     

甲烷光催化氧化制甲醇研究进展

随着经济的发展，人们对能源的需求量日益增加．目前，世界上石油资源储量有限，而天然气是非常丰富的石油化工燃料资源，储量很大．现已探明的世界天然气储量为142．1万亿立方米，其能量相当于9143亿桶原油，远景储量为250～350万亿立方米．天然气资源与液体石油资源相比，其储量