新工科背景下大学物理课程教学改革研究

新工科建设的目标之一是培养具备创新精神和实践能力的高素质复合型人才,大学物理课程建设有助于培养学生的物理思维方法和科学素养,提高实践实验能力。针对当前大学物理课程教学中普遍存在的问题,如教学模式传统、教学方法单一、教育理念和课程内容更新慢、与学科融合度较差、教育资源紧张等,提出新的大学物理课程改革思路,主要包括更新教学理念、丰富教学内容、提升教学策略、完善教学评价体系等,进而推动教育教学改革,提升人才培养质量。     

Non-contact evaluation of the resonant frequency of a microstructure using ultrasonic wave

This paper presents a novel non-contact method for evaluating the resonant frequency of a microstructure, Firstly, the microstructure under test is excited by ultrasonic waves. This excitation method does not impose any undefined load on the specimen like the electrostatic excitation and also this is the first actual use of ultrasonic wave for exciting a microstructure in the literature. Secondly, the amplitudes of the microstructure are determined by image edge detection using a Mexican hat wavelet transform on the vibrating images of the microstructure. The vibrating images are captured by a CCD camera when the microstructure is vibrated by ultrasonic waves at a series of discrete high frequencies （〉30 kHz）. Upon processing the vibrating images, the amplitudes at various excitation frequencies are obtained and an amplitude-frequency spectrum is obtained from which the resonant frequency is subsequently evaluated. A micro silicon structure consisting of a perforated plate （192 × 192 μm） and two cantilever beams （76 × 43 μm） which is about 4 μm thickness is tested. Since laser interferometry is not required, thermal effects on a test object can be avoided. Hence, the setup is relatively simple. Results show that the proposed method is a simple and effective approach for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of microstructures.     

Evaluation of Thermal Degradation Induced Material Damage Using Nonlinear Lamb Waves

We report on the evaluation of thermal degradation damage in metal material using the nonlinear effect of Lamb wave propagation. A mountain-shape＇＇ change in the second harmonic of Lamb wave propagation versus the level of thermal degradation in the specimens is observed. It is attributed to the precipitations in the early stage and the microvoids after long-term service in terms of metallographic studies. The results show that the nonlinear Lamb wave is very sensitive to the microstructure evolution and is a good potential for quantitative evaluation of the thermal damaged materials.     

声频工程专业学术交流会在苏州召开

中国电子学会、中国声学学会声频工程专业学会委员会首届年会暨学术交流会于九○年十一月十九日至甘二日在苏州召开。出席会议的代表共38人,其中委员会委员23人,特邀代表15人。会议回顾了学会自1989年成立以来的工作情况,对组织机构进行了调整并作了人事变动,研究了学会今后工作要点,会议传达了中国电子学会第九次工作会议情况及有关精神,会议期间进行了学术交流,共收到论文18篇,其中在会上宣读17篇,内容包括近代电声测量技术,扩声系统设计,音质评价和产品设计等,论文涉及面广,具有较高的学术水平,一些文章既有较高的理论性,通过实     

瓶罐玻璃行业企业绩效评价

笔者依据所能获得的资料———《瓶罐玻璃行业企业经济信息汇编》[6],建立了一套经济实用的瓶罐玻璃行业企业绩效评价指标体系;提供了一种科学评价方法和计算机化的评价技术;能适时地对该行业内各企业绩效进行评价和比较分析;及时获得各企业在全行业内竞争位次;及时发现影响企业绩效的主要因素;为高层管理者制定和调整企业管理决策提供了参考依据。     

中子评价核数据库中角分布的Legendre系数研究

针对目前国际上中子评价核数据库中没有n 12C反应在20MeV以上的第一、第二激发态非弹散射角分布数据的情况,利用最小二乘法给出了数据库中缺失的Legendre系数,并且能很好地符合现有的实验数据,从而使评价数据库的数据更加齐全,给出的信息更加完整。     

理性、有序地建设探究实验室

建设探究实验室是提高学生对学习、学科兴趣的重要举措.本文提出了一套探究实验室评价方案以期对实验室的建设和发展有所帮助.总体评价和导向性评价基于对一个个实验就一些指标进行评估以及其后的统计.我们还对一些深层次的要求和指标进行了探讨.     

Speech enhancement based on multitaper spectrum and psychoacoustical weighting rule

Multitaper spectrum has lower variance than the traditional periodogram. The noise spectrum and the noise to noisy signal spectrum ratio (NNSR) were estimated from the multitaper spectrum of the noisy signal; the pre-enhanced speech for calculating the noise masking threshold was obtained by the spectral amplitude subtraction method, whose gain is a function of NNSR; the final enhanced speech was obtained by suppressing the Fourier spectrum of the noisy speech with the psychoacoustical weighting rule incorporating the noise masking threshold. Because of the low variance feature of the multitaper spectrum, a modified offset formula was proposed to calculate the noise masking threshold, thus the reconstructed speech with this modification has an improvement in MBSD (Modified Bark Spectral Distortion). When a maximum limitation less than one to the psychoacoustical weighting rule is further proposed, the higher the input SNR (> 0 dB) is, the more improvement the segmental SNR and the overall SNR have. The informal listening tests show that there is little speech distortion for the enhanced speech processed by the proposed method, the background noise is reduced much and free of musical noise.     

泄漏Lamb波在固井质量评价中的应用

轻质水泥在油气田固井中的广泛应用使得传统声阻抗测井方式难以准确地对固井水泥胶结质量作出评价。本文基于弯曲型Lamb波传播特征对层状介质胶结质量较为敏感的特点,首先对套管井建立合适的层状介质模型,计算了层状介质的平面波反射系数,从反射系数的角度探讨了在套管井内激发弯曲型Lamb波的条件。然后依据该条件并结合声波角谱理论计算了稳态有限宽脉冲束入射时在套管井内产生的弯曲型Lamb波泄漏波的时间波列信号。通过对泄漏波波列信号的分析,得到了弯曲型Lamb波与套管井水泥胶结质量间的关系。研究表明,入射声波在满足一定条件下可以在套管内激发弯曲型Lamb波,其传播时的衰减率与套管水泥胶结质量以及水泥的声学参数均相关,当水泥为轻质水泥或者普通水泥时,其衰减率随着套管水泥间水层厚度的增加而减小,当水泥为快水泥时,其衰减率随着水层厚度的减小而增加,但当水层厚度减为零即套管水泥胶结良好情况下,其衰减率转而变小。     

大数据挖掘用于电力企业评价体系构建

随着大数据时代的来临,电力企业需要探索新的管理模式.从数据出发,对大量历史监测指标数据进行统计分析,从中筛选出影响企业发展的关键指标,提取关键指标的历史特征.采用层次聚类和Kmeans聚类两种聚类方法对关键指标进行聚类分析,并且结合管理经验,与专家讨论对指标类簇进行合理的命名,最终将关键指标分为了服务电网、运营指数、风险指数三个能够反映公司管理程度的一级指数,并且在一级指数下又分为了若干个子指数,建立了适合新源控股公司管理发展的评价体系.与传统的公司评价体系构建的方法相比,基于大数据挖掘方法构建的评价体系更能够体现出各个指标之间的内在联系,从而能够更好的为决策者提供管理建议.