聚乙烯/氧化铝复合材料形态、流变和力学性能

将聚乙烯（PE）和氧化铝（AO）熔融共混制得综合性能更好的PE/AO复合材料。通过对其进行流变分析、热力学性能分析、力学性能分析、导热性能分析和断面微观结构分析,探究AO质量分数对复合材料结构及性能的影响。结果表明,随着AO质量分数的增加,复合材料逐步转为脆性材料,其弹性模量、屈服强度、导热系数、储能模量同步增加;当AO质量分数为10%时,复合材料的断裂强度为18.2 MPa,综合性能最好。     

嵌段共聚物薄膜快速自组装方法

嵌段共聚物 (BCP) 薄膜可通过不同的退火方法诱导其微相分离,从而获得大面积圆柱状、层状和球状等纳米图案。这些长程有序的纳米结构形态,已经广泛应用在纳米光刻和电子器件等多个领域中。目前,有效且快速的退火方法仍然是BCP薄膜自组装技术中的研究热点。本文首先介绍了制备BCP薄膜纳米结构图案常用的退火技术,然后综述了三种新型快速退火技术,最后分析总结了这些退火技术的优缺点。     

碳纳米管透明导电薄膜的可控制备

碳纳米管具有优秀的导电性能、 透光性能和十分突出的柔性, 在柔性透明导电薄膜中有着良好的应用前景. 如何制备同时拥有良好导电性能和透光性能的碳纳米管薄膜是这一领域研究的核心问题. 本综述介绍了碳纳米管薄膜的制备方法, 并重点讨论了基于漂浮催化剂化学气相沉积法的碳纳米管薄膜的可控制备. 在生长过程中限制碳纳米管的团聚、 增加碳纳米管的长度、 降低杂质的含量是提高碳纳米管薄膜性能的主要策略.     

基于无机纳米材料的抗菌抗病毒功能涂层和薄膜

COVID-19在全球的大流行对人类的健康生活和社会的正常运行都造成了严重的危害. 阻断致病微生物通过受污染表面与人类间接接触传播, 或者避免与其直接接触是保护我们免受伤害的主要方法. 目前的解决措施包括设计开发抗菌抗病毒表面涂层和研发由自清洁薄膜或织物制成的个人防护设备. 综述了近年来几种研究广泛的金属、金属氧化物、金属有机框架材料等用于抗菌抗病毒涂层或薄膜的工作, 对其作用机制和微生物灭活效果进行了总结讨论, 并且评估了其本身的毒性以及实际应用的局限性, 最后就抗菌抗病毒涂层和薄膜开发的挑战和新兴研究方向提出了未来展望.     

十八烷@聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微胶囊相变材料的制备及表征

采用乳液聚合法合成了Oct@PMMA微胶囊相变材料,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为分散剂,季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯作为交联剂改善微胶囊储热性能与热稳定性;采用FT-IR、XRD、DSC和TG等技术对微胶囊的化学和物理性质进行了表征。结果表明,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮通过提高乳液液滴的稳定性和分散程度,提升了微胶囊的热力学性能及收率,相变焓值达到105.6 J/g,收率达到98.01%,季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯改善了微胶囊的热稳定性,热降解温度达到175℃。     

石墨烯玻璃透明薄膜加热特性

Graphene has become a research focus in recent years owing to its excellent characteristics, and glass is a commonly used material with high transparency and low cost. Graphene glass combines the excellent properties of both graphene and glass; graphene glass has not only high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and good surface hydrophobicity but also exhibits superior electrothermal conversion and wide-spectrum high-light-transmittance characteristics. Therefore, the study of graphene glass films is of theoretical value and practical significance. In this study, a high-purity glass-based (JGS1 quartz glass) multilayer graphene film was developed based on an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method, and its electrical characteristics, light transmittance, and electrical heating characteristics were experimentally investigated in detail. The results show that graphene glass with different surface resistance values obtained through direct growth on a high-purity quartz glass substrate using the APCVD method, not only has excellent uniformity and quality, but also has considerably flat and high transmittance across the entire visible light region and exhibits excellent heating performance and fast response time. For graphene glass with a surface resistance of 1500 Ω·sq^-1, the light transmittance can reach 74%, and the saturation temperature can rise to 185 ℃ by applying a bias voltage of 40 V. In addition, when the resistance value of the graphene glass is 420 Ω·sq^-1, the graphene glass reaches a high saturation temperature of 325 ℃ in 40 s, and the corresponding heating rate can exceed 18 ℃·s^-1, achieving a significantly higher heating rate than other heating films at the same voltage. Compared with the polyethylene-terephthalate- (PET-) based and silicon-based graphene films obtained by the transfer, graphene glass has a higher saturation temperature, shorter thermal response time, and faster heating rate. Furthermore, graphene glass exhibits better heating cycle stability and longer-term heating stability at a constant voltage. In addition, an experiment using the graphene glass to thermally tune the wavelength of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser was conducted and gave good results. The position of the laser peak controlled by the graphene glass was red-shifted by 1.78 nm by applying a voltage of 20 V, and the wavelength tuning efficiency reached 0.059 nm·℃^-1. Compared with PET-based and silicon-based graphene films, the actual electrical heating capacity of graphene glass increased by 195%. These experimental findings demonstrate that graphene glass transparent films with excellent electric heating characteristics can be used in various transparent electric heating fields and have relatively wide application prospects.     

铋基钙钛矿(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9薄膜的制备及在光伏电池中的应用

铋基钙钛矿由于稳定性强及毒性低,被认为是未来极具发展潜力的环保型钙钛矿材料。(CH₃NH₃)₃Bi₂I₉(MBI)因具有优异的光吸收性能而引起人们的普遍关注。本文介绍了MBI钙钛矿晶体的结构及性能,总结了其薄膜的制备方法,并重点叙述了不同方法制备的MBI钙钛矿薄膜在光伏电池中的应用情况。MBI钙钛矿与铅基钙钛矿的效率相比还有很大差距,如何提高其光电转换效率仍是今后研究的主要方向。     

薄膜梯度扩散-分光光度法富集测量水中痕量Mo (VI)

建立了薄膜梯度扩散(DGT)- 硫氰酸钾(PT)分光光度法(DGT-PT法)富集测量水中痕量Mo (VI) 的分析方法。本研究先以聚季铵盐(PQAS)溶液为结合相的DGT技术 (PQAS DGT) 原位分离富集水中Mo (VI),再以PT分光光度法测定DGT结合相中Mo (VI)的含量,最后依据DGT方程计算水中Mo (VI)的浓度。DGT-PT法测得配制水中Mo ( VI) 的回收率为96.3% ~ 101.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3% ~4.0%;测得工业废水中Mo (VI) 的浓度为27.13 ~ 121.79mg/L,加标回收率为96.0% ~ 101.6%。当采样时间为48h,PQAS DGT对水中Mo (VI) 富集近18倍,可显著降低分析方法的检测限,实现水中痕量Mo (VI) 的定量检测。     

不同nCu2+:nCit3-的Cu(Ⅱ)-Cit3--SiO2溶胶中电沉积制备CuxO-SiO2复合薄膜

以醋酸铜(Cu(Ac)2)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,柠檬酸钠(Na_3Cit)为配合剂,在室温下制备出物质的量之比n_(Cu~(2+))∶n_(Cit~(3-)) 为1∶1和1∶2的2种透明稳定的Cu(Ⅱ)-Cit~(3-)-SiO_2复合溶胶。以此为电解液,采用恒电位方法,在ITO阴极上直接制备出了Cu_xO-SiO_2复合薄膜。CV(循环伏安)和XRD(X射线衍射)结果表明,在低过电位和高过电位分别得到Cu2_O-SiO_2和Cu/Cu_2O-SiO_2薄膜。XRD和EDX(X射线散射能谱)结果表明,相同沉积条件下,n_(Cu~(2+))∶n_(Cit~(3-)) 为1∶1溶胶中得到的薄膜中Cu含量较1∶2溶胶中的高。薄膜在2种溶胶中的电化学形成机理不同,其原因在于溶胶中Cu(Ⅱ)存在的形式不同。CA(计时安培)和SEM(扫描电镜)结果一致表明,Cu和Cu_2O在2种溶胶中的成核机理与电位有关,随着过电位增大,成核机理从三维连续成核逐渐转向瞬时成核。     

负偏压下Ag@AgBr/Ni膜电极光电催化降解罗丹明B的性能和机理

用电化学方法制备Ag@Ag Br/Ni表面等离子体薄膜电极,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构、光吸收特性进行了表征,在负偏压和可见光作用下,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性进行了测定,采用电化学技术和向溶液中加入活性物种捕获剂的方法对薄膜光电催化降解机理进行了探索。结果表明:最佳工艺下制备的Ag@Ag Br/Ni膜电极是由表面沉积纳米Ag的纳米晶Ag Br颗粒构成的薄膜,具有显著的表面等离子共振效应。薄膜具有优异的光电催化活性和良好的催化稳定性,在最佳负偏压和可见光照射下反应12 min,薄膜光电催化罗丹明B(c=5 mg·L~(-1))的降解率是多孔Ti O2(P25)/ITO纳米薄膜的10.2倍。相对于未加偏压的光催化,降解率提高了2.0倍;在保持薄膜光催化活性基本不变的前提下可循环使用5次。电极表面纳米Ag粒子的等离子体共振对于光阴极反应(导带反应)的活化作用是光电催化活性提高的重要原因。提出了负偏压下Ag@Ag Br/Ni表面等离子体薄膜光电催化降解罗丹明B的反应机理。