铈对三角帆蚌钙代谢影响的研究

研究了不同浓度稀土Ce3+(0,0.5,1.0,2.5 mg·L-1)处理30,60 d时对2龄植片三角帆蚌钙代谢和珍珠质沉积的影响。结果表明:Ce3+对三角帆蚌珍珠质沉积量、外套膜和鳃组织中组织钙含量、钙调蛋白基因mRNA的表达量、腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)活性、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响总体上均表现出明显的"低促高抑"的剂量效应和高浓度下"先促后抑"的时间效应。推测稀土Ce3+对钙调蛋白基因mRNA表达水平及关键酶活性的调节可能是其影响三角帆蚌钙代谢和珍珠质沉积的途径之一。     

虫草素的全合成研究

虫草素具有广谱的生物活性和药理学作用,有着重要的开发价值.为了大量制备高纯度虫草素,分别以D-葡萄糖和D-木糖为原料,以Barton-McCombie反应脱去葡糖糖和木糖3’-羟基合成得到3’-脱氧核糖为关键步骤,分别经过8步和7步化学反应以37%和40%的总产率完成了虫草素的全合成,产物纯度>98.5%.     

煤油裂解产物/空气与煤油/空气在宽温度范围内点火延迟的对比研究

Kerosene is an ideal endothermic hydrocarbon. Its pyrolysis plays a significant role in the thermal protection for high-speed aircraft. Before it reacts, kerosene experiences thermal decomposition in the heat exchanger and produces cracked products. Thus, to use cracked kerosene instead of pure kerosene, knowledge of their ignition properties is needed. In this study, ignition delay times of cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air were measured in a heated shock tube at temperatures of 657–1333 K, an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and pressures of 1.01 × 10⁵–10.10 × 10⁵ Pa. Ignition delay time was defined as the time interval between the arrival of the reflected shock and the occurrence of the steepest rise of excited-state CH species (CH*) emission at the sidewall measurement location. Pure helium was used as the driver gas for high-temperature measurements in which test times needed to be shorter than 1.5 ms, and tailored mixtures of He/Ar were used when test times could reach up to 15 ms. Arrhenius-type formulas for the relationship between ignition delay time and ignition conditions (temperature and pressure) were obtained by correlating the measured high-temperature data of both fuels. The results reveal that the ignition delay times of both fuels are close, and an increase in the pressure or temperature causes a decrease in the ignition delay time in the high-temperature region (> 1000 K). Both fuels exhibit similar high-temperature ignition delay properties, because they have close pressure exponents (cracked kerosene: τ_ign∝P^-0.85; kerosene:τ_ign∝P^-0.83) and global activation energies (cracked kerosene: E_a = 143.37 kJ·mol^-1; kerosene: E_a = 144.29 kJ·mol^-1). However, in the low-temperature region (< 1000 K), ignition delay characteristics are quite different. For cracked kerosene/air, while the decrease in the temperature still results in an increase in the ignition delay time, the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of ignition delay does not occur, and the low-temperature ignition data still can be correlated by an Arrhenius-type formula with a much smaller global activation energy compared to that at high temperatures. However, for kerosene/air, this NTC phenomenon was observed, and the Arrhenius-type formula fails to correlate its low-temperature ignition data. At temperatures ranging from 830 to 1000 K, the cracked kerosene ignites faster than the kerosene; at temperatures below 830 K, kerosene ignition delay times become much shorter than those of cracked kerosene. Surrogates for cracked kerosene and kerosene are proposed based on the H/C ratio and average molecular weight in order to simulate ignition delay times for cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air. The simulation results are in fairly good agreement with current experimental data for the two fuels at high temperatures (> 1000 K). However, in the low-temperature NTC region, the results are in very good agreement with kerosene ignition delay data but disagree with cracked kerosene ignition delay data. The comparison between experimental data and model predictions indicates that refinement of the reaction mechanisms for cracked kerosene and kerosene is needed. These test results are helpful to understand ignition properties of cracked kerosene in developing regenerative cooling technology for high-speed aircraft.     

对聚苯树脂炭化产物作为锂离子电池碳电极材料的研究Ⅱ.炭化产物制备的电极材料组装的锂离子电池电化学性能

电化学性质;对聚苯树脂炭化产物作为锂离子电池碳电极材料的研究Ⅱ.炭化产物制备的电极材料组装的锂离子电池电化学性能     

乙酰丙酮法测定甲醛反应的产物

探讨了乙酰丙酮与甲醛反应的机理 ,并利用质谱及核磁共振波谱研究了该产物的结构 ,提出了关于乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定甲醛反应产物的新的描述 ,证实该产物为 2 ,6 二甲基 3 ,5 二乙酰基 1 ,4 二氢吡啶。对产物进行了水溶液中的紫外可见光谱研究。该产物在 4 1 3nm处的摩尔吸光系数为 6 63 9× 1 0 3L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 。     

分子内Diels-Alder反应在有机合成方面的新进展

本文按合成产物的结构类型,综述分子内 Diels-Alder 反应在有机合成方面的新进展。     

新型合成大麻素ADB－BUTINACA在不同时间段斑马鱼体内的代谢组学分析

采用液相色谱－高分辨质谱技术对不同时间段斑马鱼体内ADB－BUTINACA的21种代谢产物进行分析。首先采用正交信号变换的偏最小二乘判别分析和层次聚类分析方法筛选出7种具有显著性差异的组间代谢物,以7种差异代谢物为特征建立Stacking集成学习模型,对4组不同时间段的斑马鱼体内样本进行分类预测。结果显示,模型预测准确率高达98%,表明筛选的潜在差异代谢物能够有效反映不同时间段原药在斑马鱼体内的变化情况;对7种潜在差异代谢物在4类样本体内的含量变化进行富集分析,结果表明差异代谢物的总体含量随着染毒时间的增加而降低,各类代谢物的含量分布由最初的不均衡趋向于均衡分布。此外,实验发现大部分差异代谢物的代谢路径与羟基化反应密切相关,推测原药在生物体内发生羟基化反应与给药时间推断方面具有一定关联性。实验结果可为药物服用时间推断等相关领域分析提供依据。     

光催化剂活性位点调控及其光还原CO2制C2 产物研究进展

工业发展与人类活动导致大气中CO₂浓度逐年升高, 引发一系列生态环境问题. 将CO₂光催化转化为高附加值化学物质不仅有利于缓解环境压力,也可以带来额外经济价值. 然而, 由于多电子利用效率低和C―C偶联动力学缓慢, 光还原CO₂制多碳产品面临产率低和选择性差等挑战. 光催化剂活性位点调控能够有效解决上述问题. 我们综述了近几年用于光还原CO₂催化剂表面活性位点设计的研究进展, 主要包括缺陷位点、 金属位点以及掺杂位点等, 从活性位点的角度为光还原CO₂催化剂设计提供新视角, 并对开发高效光催化剂具有启发意义.     

基于超高效液相色谱串联质谱法的化学计量学分析不同产区烤烟烟叶中非挥发性有机酸的含量差异北大核心CSCD

非挥发性有机酸成分对烤烟的感官特征有显著影响,为研究不同产区烤烟烟叶中非挥发性有机酸含量差异及与感官特征之间的联系,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)对黑龙江、四川、湖南、湖北、云南等5个不同产区烤烟样品中非挥发性有机酸成分进行了检测。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型、变量投影重要性(VIP)值、单因素方差分析(ANOVA)、京都基因和基因组数据库(KEGG)富集通路分析,得出了不同产区间非挥发性有机酸差异,并确定了特征差异组分的代谢通路。结果表明:共检测到69种非挥发性有机酸,其中多元酸23种,游离脂肪酸21种,其他有机酸25种。基于非挥发性有机酸构建的OPLS-DA模型对不同产区烟叶识别效果较理想,模型参数R^(2)Y和Q^(2)分别为0.931和0.595。通过模型的VIP值和ANOVA筛选出26种特征差异非挥发性有机酸,并通过KEGG富集分析得到16条与上述26种组分关联的代谢通路。研究发现黑龙江牡丹江产区烟叶中特征差异非挥发性有机酸含量与其他产区差异最大,其次为湖南衡阳产区,四川凉山、云南楚雄、湖北恩施产区烟叶中特征差异非挥发性有机酸组间差异较小,均与所属烟区烤烟感官特征相符。     

羧甲基壳聚糖基生物医用材料降解代谢行为的研究进展

作为一种水溶性多糖高分子材料,羧甲基壳聚糖(carboxymethyl chitosan, CMCTs)具有优异的生物相容性和生物降解性以及保湿、止血、抗菌、可吸收等一系列优良的功能特性,因而被广泛应用于医工交叉领域。羧甲基壳聚糖进入体内后,在酶、氧、微生物、水等环境适宜时能够被降解,并经吸收、代谢、排泄。其体内降解速率主要取决于材料的尺寸、脱乙酰度、取代度、分子量等。了解羧甲基壳聚糖在动物体内的降解代谢行为,对羧甲基壳聚糖在转化过程中的质量控制和临床应用至关重要。然而就目前而言,羧甲基壳聚糖在生物体内降解代谢的影响因素及其体内吸收、分布、代谢、排泄规律缺乏系统性总结,这一现状从基础层面严重制约了其在生物医药领域的进一步发展。基于上述问题,本文对近年来羧甲基壳聚糖基生物医用材料的降解、代谢相关研究进行梳理和总结,重点阐述了羧甲基壳聚糖作为可降解材料的生物学特性、降解方式、代谢过程等,系统揭示羧甲基壳聚糖体内降解、代谢的规律,并对植入物尺寸、脱乙酰度、取代度、分子量、交联度及成分比例等影响羧甲基壳聚糖降解速率的主要因素进行归纳,以期为羧甲基壳聚糖基生物医用材料的研发和转化研究提供参考。