氮掺杂TiO2的冲击合成及可见光催化活性研究

 冲击相变及冲击诱导化学反应可导致材料的物理、化学性能发生显著改变。采用炸药爆轰驱动飞片高速碰撞产生冲击波的方法,对富氮掺杂物双氰胺（C₂N₄H₄）与P25 TiO₂或偏钛酸（H₂TiO₃）的粉末混合物进行冲击加载,对回收产物进行X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、X光电子能谱、比表面积及紫外-可见漫反射光谱表征,通过亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B评价了回收产物的可见光催化降解活性。结果表明：以P25 TiO₂为原料的冲击氮掺杂浓度可达8.88%,掺杂样品具有明显的可见光吸收,能带宽度减小到1.75 eV,样品中形成了少量Srilankite高压相;而以偏钛酸为原料的冲击氮掺杂浓度为3%～4%,能带宽度变化较小,但是由于其独特的冲击脱水膨胀机理,比表面积剧增。冲击氮掺杂样品对亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B染料有较好的吸附和可见光催化降解作用,其中高飞片速度处理的样品有更高的光催化降解活性。     

Capture of phosphates in surface water by TiO2 nanoparticles under UV irradiation

The capture of orthophosphates and total phosphorus from the Pudong Canal river in the Pudong District of Shanghai by TiO2 nanoparticles is studied using a rotating photoreactor and the nano-TiO2 photocatalyst Degussa P25. The effects of UV irradiation intensity in a range of 20-74 mW/cm^2, the loading of the TiO2 nanoparticles in a range of 0.05-0.1 g/L, irradiation time up to 4 h, and pH values in a range of 2-10.5 on the capture efficiency are investigated. The results show that the capture of orthophosphates and total P are significantly enhanced by UV irradiation; at a loading of 0.1 g/L and an irradiation intensity above 36 mW/cm^2, orthophosphates and total phosphorus are rapidly captured by TiO2 nanoparticles, causing an observed reduction from 0.4 mg/L down to 0.02 mg/L. pH values in a range of 2-10.5 have little effect on the capture efficiency of orthophosphates and total phosphorus.     

Laser-Induced Damage Threshold of TiO2 Films with Different Preparation Methods and Annealing Temperatures

Sol-gel TiO2 films are prepared by the dip-coating method and the spin-coating method, and then annealing is performed at different temperatures. The structures, optical properties, surface morphologies, absorption and laser-induced damage threshold （LIDT） at 1064 nm and 12 ns of the films are investigated. The results show that the dip-coating method can be used to obtain a higher LIDT than the spin-coating method. When the annealing temperature increases from 80℃ to 120℃, the dip-coated film obtains a higher LIDT, whereas the spin-coated film obtains a lower LIDT. In addition, the damage morphology is a spalling pit for the dip-coated film annealed at 80℃. When the annealing temperature increases to 120℃, it shows a melting area. For both the spin-coated films annealed at different temperatures, the damage morphologies are the combination of spelling and melting. The differences in LIDT and damage morphologies of the films are discussed.     

黑色二氧化钛制备与太阳能利用

<正>二氧化钛作为重要的新能源和环境保护材料,在光催化、太阳能发电、太阳能集热等方面被广泛应用。然而,二氧化钛的太阳能利用面临巨大的挑战,主要原因在于光吸收范围窄、电子-空穴对的分离效率低。二氧化钛只能吸收太阳光谱中约5%的紫外光,而无法利用可见光和近红外光的能量;本征电导率只有约10~(-10)S/cm,不利于光生电子-空穴对的分离和传输。这些问题严重影响了二氧化钛在能源与环境领域的广泛应用,无法充分利用太阳能。     

Surface reconstruction on stishovite Si02, HfO2 and rutile TiO2 （001）

This paper systematically investigates the surface reconstruction processes and patterns on stishovite SiO2, HfO2 and rutile TiO2 （001） by using classical molecular dynamics. It is found that these three surfaces relax instead of reconstruction at 0 K, and have little possibility to reconstruct below 40 K. Above 40 K, surface reconstructions take place as collective atomic motion which can be speeded by higher temperature or compressed strain. Several reconstruction patterns with approximate surface energies are found, and electrostatic potentials on them are also provided in comparison with possible microscopic results.     

Preparation of biomedical Ag incorporated hydroxyapatite/titania coatings on Ti6AI4V alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Nano-Ag incorporated hydroxyapatite/titania （HA/TiO2） coatings were deposited on Ti6A14V substrates by the plasma electrolytic oxidation process. Compared with the substrate, the deposited coatings display attractive mechani- cal and biomedical properties. First, the coatings have stronger wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Second, they show a strong antibacterial ability. The mean vitality of the P. gingivalis on the coating surfaces is reduced to about 21%. Third, the coatings have good biocompatibility. The mean viability of the fibroblast cells on the coating surface is increased to about 130%. With these attractive properties, Ag incorporated HA/TiO2 coatings may be useful in the biomedical field.     

自然光和紫外光照条件下膜材红外光谱变化

可降解树脂包膜控释肥是目前肥料领域的研究热点之一。研究从可降解包膜材料实际施用环境着手,采用傅里叶衰减全反射红外光谱技术(ATR-FTIR),表征包膜肥料膜材自然光和紫外光照条件的降解差异,通过对聚乙烯/疏水纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯/亲水纳米二氧化钛和纯聚乙烯包膜的谱图来研究膜材在光照前后的结构变化特征,进而对膜材的降解行为做出判断。结果表明,在紫外光和自然光分别照射下,包膜降解过程中的官能团种类没有因光催化剂的加入而受到影响,而光催化剂的加入对官能团的变化程度有显著影响,依次为：聚乙烯/疏水纳米二氧化钛复合包膜>聚乙烯/亲水纳米二氧化钛复合包膜>纯聚乙烯包膜。另外,不同照射光源对包膜的分子结构的影响有所区别。自然光条件照射的降解过程中,包膜的聚乙烯碳链上在形成氢过氧化物的同时发生了交联反应生成含醚键的物质,接着继续氧化生成含羰基的化合物,最终羰基的存在促进包膜的进一步分解;紫外光条件照射下,光照产生的活性氧物种局部浓度大,攻击聚合物碳链的能力强,聚乙烯长链烷基断裂很快氧化生成含有羰基基团的中间产物。紫外光条件的照射实验未能全面反映包膜在自然光条件下的降解行为。     

氮铋共掺杂TiO2的合成及其可见光催化性能研究

以纳米管钛酸为钛的前驱体,Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O为N源和Bi源,采用水热法制备了N、Bi共掺杂的TiO₂;并以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了所制备样品的可见光催化性能(λ≥420 nm).利用XRD、XPS、UV-Vis DRS、TEM等技术对不同条件下制备的产物进行了表征.结果表明,所得样品主要为锐钛矿型,粒径20 nm左右,掺杂的Bi主要以Bi₂O₃和BiONO₃两种形式存在.N元素除了以NO₃^-的形式存在于BiONO₃中,还有少量N以间隙氮掺杂于TiO₂中形成Ti-O-N键.N、Bi共掺杂的TiO₂在可见光下表现出了优越的光催化性能,其中水热温度为130 ℃,Bi/Ti摩尔比为1%时,催化活性最高.催化活性的提高源于N和Bi的掺杂增加了样品对可见光的利用效率,降低了光生电子空穴的复合速率.     

TiO2-SiO2二维大孔薄膜的制备及其光催化活性研究

本文采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有锐钛矿晶型结构和较小晶粒尺寸的TiO₂-SiO₂溶胶,并以聚苯乙烯(PS)小球为模板,采用旋涂法制备了新型大孔TiO₂-SiO₂复合薄膜,探究了煅烧温度、不同硅钛比以及溶胶添加量对所制备的大孔薄膜形貌及光催化活性的影响,并考察了该薄膜真空活化前后(Ti³⁺掺杂后)在紫外及模拟太阳光下光催化降解有机污染物罗丹明B的活性。通过Raman、DRS、SEM、EPR等方法对薄膜进行表征,发现制备的复合薄膜具有高透明度、良好附着力及优异的光催化活性。