基于单目视觉的中医诊疗机械手三维坐标定位和变换方法

为了在按摩、针灸等中医相关诊疗过程中,高效率定位中医按诊所需腧穴.结合单目视觉标定与定位原理,提出了一种基于三维坐标系之间转换矩阵求取的中医诊疗机械手坐标定位和转换方法.通过进行相机标定得到相机内参数并建立相机三维世界坐标系,再基于可粘贴于机械手任意固定位置的自定义标签图像建立相机三维世界坐标系与机械手坐标系的转换关系...     

基于氮掺杂多孔碳的乙酰胆碱酯酶传感器检测残留农药甲拌磷

以制备的新型氮掺杂多孔碳为载体,玻碳电极(GC)为工作电极,构建了乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)传感器,用于有机磷农药甲拌磷的检测研究。在1.0 mmol/L底物氯化乙酰胆碱溶液中的差分脉冲扫描结果表明,ACh E/GC电极上的峰电流为0.195 8μA,而ACh E/氮掺杂多孔碳/GC电极上的峰电流为0.841 4μA,说明氮掺杂多孔碳材料可有效固定ACh E,提高检测灵敏度。采用ACh E/氮掺杂多孔碳/GC电极对不同浓度甲拌磷进行测定,在6.0×10-10~1.2×10-6g/L浓度范围内,抑制率与甲拌磷浓度的负对数呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.998 5)。按照抑制率为10%计算,检出限为5.8×10-12g/L。采用加标回收法检测菠菜汁样品中的甲拌磷,回收率为91.7%~97.4%。     

基于相位标靶的投影仪畸变测量与校正

针对传统的投影仪畸变标定方法系统结构和理论推导复杂等问题,提出一种基于相位标靶的投影仪畸变测量和校正方法。该方法以附有全息投影膜的液晶显示屏作为相位标靶,液晶显示屏依次显示水平和垂直方向的正弦条纹图像,投影仪向相位标靶依次投射水平和垂直方向的正弦条纹图像,并分别计算显示条纹和反射条纹的绝对相位。利用两组相位在相机像素上的对应关系,将投影仪投射相位转换到液晶显示屏相位坐标系中,从而测得投影仪的畸变。根据采集的相位空间关系进行畸变校正,使投影仪投射的等相位线在相位标靶上呈直线分布。实验结果证明,该方法可测量并校正投影仪的畸变,不受相机成像质量的影响,可为条纹投影三维形貌测量技术提升投影质量。     

小型高速超导磁浮轴承优化设计北大核心

轴承是高速机电设备的核心部件。高温超导磁浮轴承具有载重大、刚度高、抗干扰能力强、无需主动控制等诸多优点,可以实现重载高速运行,因此在高速机电设备中具有巨大应用潜力。文中针对中小型飞轮储能器、离心机、脉冲电机等设备实际工程需求,设计并优化完成了一款小型高速超导磁浮轴承。通过三维仿真程序,对磁浮轴承中超导块材和永磁阵列的组合方式和电磁力进行了计算,并对不同气隙下的轴承性能进行了对比。相较于传统二维仿真计算,三维仿真结果考虑了超导块材的空间位置分布,更贴近实际应用,可以作为工程设计的直接参考。相关设计表明,通过合理优化,小型超导磁浮轴承具备足够悬浮力和导向力刚度,可以满足相关系统的工程应用需求。     

采用相位半角的两步相移法

针对经典两步相移算法对光强不均匀分布和物体不均匀反射率处理能力不强的问题,分析相移量为90°的情况,采用光强模型,直接对光强进行数据操作,利用三角关系,给出了求解折叠相位相位半角的计算方法,通过高度-相位差公式得到物体的三维形貌数据,避免了因归一化操作过程中取最值方法引起的误差.实验对比分析了经典四步相移法和两步移相法,表明在环境光强可以忽略不计或足够小的情况下,该方法误差范围为±0.2mm,结果优于经典两步相移法,接近于测量误差最小的四步相移法.     

线结构光自同步扫描三维形貌测量系统

针对空间目标操控任务中非合作目标近距离三维形貌测量的需求,设计了基于激光三角法原理的线结构光自同步扫描三维形貌测量系统.分析了经典的点扫描测量系统模型,扩展建立了线结构光扫描系统模型.构建了测量系统桌面样机,利用二维平面棋盘靶标构建虚拟立体靶标完成了系统参量的标定.分别对已知结构的工件及天宫一号缩比模型进行了测量实验,结果表明:测量距离为1m时,系统三坐标测量误差均优于1mm,Z向距离误差为0.18mm,测量点到拟合平面的距离误差均值为0.31mm.该系统简化了扫描系统结构,能降低空间载荷的重量和功耗,满足空间任务中快速三维形貌测量的需求.     

Three-dimensional ghost imaging based on periodic diffraction correlation imaging

We experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional （3D） ghost imaging method based on period diffraction correlation imaging. Compared with conventional ghost imaging, our method can easily retrieve the images of different focal planes. Due to the correlation between the disturbed object beam and the reference beams which do not pass through any scattering, the clear images can be periodically obtained in the uncovered zones even through a scattering medium. The analysis of the 3D imaging resolution reveals that the proper resolution for actual demand can be achieved by designing our devices. The implementation of this experiment is quite simple and low-cost. It facilitates the practical applications of ghost imaging.     

Real-time pupil tracking backlight system for holographic 3D display (Invited Paper)

We propose an automatic three-dimensional(3D)pupil tracking backlight system for holographic 3D display system with large image size and full-parallax accommodation effect.The proposed tracking module is applied to a holographic 3D display system with two sets of directional holographic imaging module composed of 2×2 large scale lens array and 22-inch high-resolution liquid crystal display 3D panel.System architecture is described and experimental results are presented.     

Fast calculation of wave front amplitude propagation: a tool to analyze the 3D image on a hologram (Invited Paper)

A simple approach to calculate the amplitude component of a wave front propagating in space from a hologram is proposed. It is able to calculate the amplitude distribution on a plane at any distance rapidly using a standard GPU. This is useful for analyzing and reconstructing the 3D image encoded on a hologram.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of crown spike due to coupling effect between bubbles and free surface

The motion of gas bubbles beneath a free surface will lead to a spike of fluid on the free surface. The distance of the bubbles to the free surface is the key factor to different phenomena. When the inception distance varies in some range, crown phenomenon would happen after the impact of weak buoyancy bubbles, so this kind of spike is defined as crown spike in the present paper. Based on potential flow theory, a three-dimensional numerical model is established to simulate the motion of the free-surface spike generated by one bubble or a horizontal line of two in-phase bubbles. After the downward jet formed near the end of the collapse phase, the simulation of the free surface is performed to study the crown spike without regard to the toroidal bubble＇s effect. Calculations about the interaction between one bubble and free surface agree well with the experimental results conducted with a high-speed camera, and relative error is within 15%. Crown spike in both single- and two-bubble cases are simulated numerically. Different features and laws of the motion of crown spike, depending on the bubble-boundary distances and the inter-bubble distances, have been investigated.