基于量子限制的受主带间跃迁太赫兹探测器的制备与测量

使用分子束外延生长设备,在GaAs（100）衬底上生长了量子阱宽度为3 nm的GaAs/AlAs多量子阱样品,并在量子阱层中央进行了Be受主的δ-掺杂。根据量子限制受主从束缚态到非束缚态之间的跃迁,设计并制备了δ-掺杂Be受主GaAs/AlAs多量子阱太赫兹光探测器原型器件。在4.2 K温度下,分别对器件进行了太赫兹光电流谱和暗电流-电压曲线的测量。在6 V直流偏压下,空穴载流子沿量子阱层方向输运。当正入射激光频率为6.8 THz时,器件响应率为2×10^-4 V/W（2 μA/W）。通过器件的暗电流-电压曲线计算了器件全散粒噪声电流,在4.2 K、6 V直流偏压下,全散粒噪声电流为5.03 fA·Hz^-1/2。     

Spaces of holomorphic functions on non-balanced domains

This paper studies the coincidence of the _τω${\tau }_{\omega }$ and _τδ${\tau }_{\delta }$ topologies on the space of holomorphic functions defined on an open subset U   of a Banach space. Dineen and Mujica proved that _τω=_τδ${\tau }_{\omega }={\tau }_{\delta }$ when U   is a balanced open subset of a separable Banach space with the bounded approximation property. Here, we study the _τω=_τδ${\tau }_{\omega }={\tau }_{\delta }$ problem for several types of non-balanced domains U.     

ACTION DES CYANOARYLIDENES ACTIVES SUR LES β -CETO- δ -CARBETHOXYPHOSPHONATES ET PHOSPHINEOXYDES: SYNTHESE DE 2-AMINO-6-(PHOSPHONOMETHYL)-4H-PYRANES

The reaction of β-keto-δ-carbethoxyphosphonates and phosphineoxides 1 with active cyanoarylidenes 2 in basic conditions provides a convenient access to the new 2-amino-6-(phosphonomethyl)-4H-pyranes 3. The reaction is found to be highly regioselective. The structure of all obtained products is confirmed by NMR ( ¹ H, ³¹ P, ¹³ C), IR spectroscopy, and in some cases by mass spectrometry.     

Ce1-xErxO2-δ的溶胶-凝胶法合成及其性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成Ce1-xExO2-δ(x=0.00～0.30)系列固体电解质,系统地研究了其晶体结构和导电性.X-射线衍射(XRD)结果表明:所有Ce1-xErxO2-δ粉体经800℃焙烧2 h后,均结晶为立方萤石结构,其平均晶粒尺寸为32～43nm,晶胞参数与掺杂量的非线性关系与掺杂离子半径、氧空位及缺位缔合有...     

Influence of lattice oxygen stoichiometry on the mechanism of methane oxidation in SOFC anodes

There is growing interest in developing oxide materials for direct hydrocarbon solid oxide fuel cell anodes. In addition to electronic and ionic conductivities, the electrocatalytic activity of these materials is a critical requirement for a high performance anode. In this paper, we present evidence for the important role of variable lattice oxygen stoichiometry and anode geometry in dictating the activity and reaction mechanism of La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_1 − xMn_xO_3 − δ-based anodes for CH₄ oxidation. Total oxidation of CH₄ is favored by low oxygen vacancy concentration and availability of reducible B-site cations. The non-linear dependence of electrode polarization resistance with current density is attributed to dynamic changes in lattice oxygen vacancy concentration. The relatively high open circuit potential of porous anodes compared with thin films is attributed to an increase in secondary reactions of the fuel within the porous anode.     

Fast epitaxial growth of a-axis- and c-axis-oriented YBa2Cu3O7−δ films on (1 0 0) LaAlO3 substrate by laser chemical vapor deposition

a-axis- and c-axis-oriented YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (YBCO) films were epitaxially grown on (1 0 0) LaAlO₃ substrates by laser chemical vapor deposition. The preferred orientation in the YBCO film changed from the a-axis to the c-axis with increasing laser powers from 77 to 158 W (the deposition temperatures from 951 to 1087 K). The a-axis-oriented YBCO film showed in-plane epitaxial growth of YBCO [0 0 1]//LAO [0 0 1], and the c-axis-oriented YBCO film showed that of YBCO [0 1 0]//LAO [0 0 1]. A c-axis-oriented YBCO film with a high critical temperature of 90 K was prepared at a deposition rate of 90 μm h⁻¹, about 2-1000 times higher than that of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition.     

纳米晶粒在高压下的相变

文章报道了纳米晶粒的晶粒尺寸对压力诱导相变的影响的最新研究进展.采用热力学理论揭示了纳米晶体材料的相变压力与同种大块材料不同的主要因素是体积变化率、表面能差和内能差.通过估算这3个因素的具体大小,可解释文献中报道的实验结果,并且可以确定同种大块材料和纳米晶体材料之间的相变压力发生差异的控制因素.在纳米晶体材料中,晶粒尺寸对结构稳定性和相变压力的影响与体系本身有关.     

X射线衍射的发现

简单介绍了埃瓦尔德（Ewald P P）、劳厄（von Laue M）和布拉格父子（Bragg　W　H及Bragg　W　L）在1912年发现X射线衍射方面的贡献.1911年埃瓦尔德在索末菲的指导下在慕尼黑大学从事博士论文研究,劳厄在与他的讨论中了解到晶格的平移周期与X射线的波长属于同一量级,因此想到在二维光栅的两个衍射方程组中再加一个类似的方程,就可以描述X射线在三维晶体中的衍射.在此假设的指导下,Friedrich　W和Knipping P在1912年4月开始用CuSO4后来用闪锌矿（立方ZnS）进行实验,很快就得到X射线衍射的证据.这不但证明了X射线的波动性,还确定了晶体的三维周期性.老布拉格在1912年夏得知这个消息,与他儿子小布拉格一道尝试用X射线的粒子性解释它,并由小布拉格在剑桥大学重复这个实验.根据衍射斑点的椭圆形状和从Pope与Barlow那里学到的晶格理论（由此得知ZnS具有面心立方晶格）,小布拉格将X射线在晶体中的衍射看作是X射线从一些晶格平面的反射,从而推导出著名的布拉格方程.布拉格父子开拓了X射线晶体结构分析这门新兴学科,从简单的无机化合物和矿物,逐渐发展到有机化合物和生物大分子.劳厄和布拉格父子分别强调慕尼黑和剑桥的优良科学环境对发现X射线衍射的重要性.鉴于埃瓦尔德在发现X射线衍射的作用及他后来在倒易格子及动力学衍射理论方面的贡献,不少晶体学家认为他也应获得诺贝尔物理奖.     

δγ法在期权风险估值(VaR)中的应用

当金融衍生产品具有期权性质时,即其价格的变动与基础资产变动之间存在非线性关系时,利用一般的VaR模型很难衡量其风险值。为了解决这个问题,加入期权的γ值来修正δ值,采用δγ法来近似计算期权的VaR值,不仅反映了基础资产价格变动对期权价格的影响,同时也反映了δ的变动率γ对期权价格的影响。