Role of anti-inflammatory interventions in high-fat-diet-induced obesity

Lipotoxicity is defined as deposition of excess fat associated with an inflammatory response. Metabolomic analysis of fatty acids (FAs) can be a marker of silent inflammation. ω3-Enriched diet, celecoxib, and safranal may have a protective anti-inflammatory role. In this work, total FAs extracted from red blood cells and arachidonic acid-to-eicosapentaenoic acid (AA-to-EPA) ratios were assessed using GC–MS assay in single-ion monitoring mode. The study was conducted on 64 male rats divided into eight groups: I, controls; II, rats received high-fat diet (HFD), III, rats received ω-6-enriched HFD; IV, rats received ω-3-enriched HFD; V, rats received celecoxib with HFD; VI, rats received safranal with HFD; VII and VIII, rats received celecoxib and safranal with ω-3 HFD, respectively. GC–MS Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry was performed for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations. A statistically significant decrease of AA-to-EPA ratio was observed in group VII when compared with the groups receiving HFDs. This group also showed the lowest serum IL-6 level and highest TGF-β1 level. In conclusion, ω3-enriched diet along with drugs (e.g. celecoxib) and herbal medications (e.g. safranal) may have an anti-inflammatory effect in lipotoxicity. GC–MS with single-ion monitoring is valid for the analysis of FAs.     

Synthesis of enantiopure β-amino amides via a practical reductive amination of the corresponding β-keto amides

A convenient and efficient reductive amination for the preparation of chiral β-amino amides is developed utilizing microwave heating. A variety of chiral β-keto amides react with ammonium acetate and sodium cyanoborohydride to afford the desired functionalized amines in good yields. This improved procedure takes advantage of microwave heating to significantly accelerate the reaction and offers a convenient and effective method to access some interesting molecules containing primary amine functionalities.     

High resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry in comparison with tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation of anabolic steroids in meat

A prominent trend which has been observed in recent years in the analysis of veterinary drugs and growth-promoting agents is the shift from target-oriented procedures, mainly based on liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS), towards accurate mass full scan MS (such as time of flight (ToF) and Fourier Transform (FT) Orbitrap MS). In this study the applicability of high resolution single-stage-Orbitrap-MS for confirmatory analysis of growth-promoting agents in meat was compared to that of a QqQ-MS. Validation according to CD 2002/657/EC demonstrated that steroid analysis based on Orbitrap MS, operating at a resolution of 50,000 FWHM, is indeed capable to compete with QqQ-MS in terms of selectivity/specificity, while providing excellent linearity (for most compounds >0.99) but somewhat inferior sensitivity. Indeed, CC_αs reached from 0.04–0.88 μg kg⁻¹ for the 34 anabolic steroids upon MS/MS detection, while upon Orbitrap MS detection a range of 0.07–2.50 μg kg⁻¹ was observed. Using QqQ-MS adequate precision was obtained since relative standard deviations, associated with the repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility, were below 20%. In the case of Orbitrap MS, for some compounds (i.e. some estrogens) this threshold was exceeded and thus poor precision was observed, which is possibly caused by the lack in sensitivity. Overall, it may be concluded that Orbitrap-MS offers an adequate performance in terms of linearity and precision but lacks in sensitivity for some of the compounds.     

THE REACTIONS OF N3P3CL6 AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH DIFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS. COMPARISONS AND CONTRASTS

Abstract

The reactions of N₃P₃Cl₆ with a variety of difunctional reagents are discussed. NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic investigations are presented.     

A Novel Synthesis of α-Tellanyl α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Using α-Tellanyl β-Alkoxyalkenyl Lithiums

Abstract

β-Ethoxy-α-phenyltellanylvinyl lithiums were successfully generated in situ from phenyltellanylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetrame-thylpiperidide (LTMP) and underwent methylation or nucleophilic addition with aldehydes and ketones. The successive dehydration of the allylic alcohols with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) gave α-phenyltellanyl α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, which transformed to some useful compounds.     

Conformational and Electronic Interaction Studies of Some β-Ketosulfoxides

ABSTRACT.

The analysis of the carbonyl I.R. band and the U.V. phoelectron spectroscopic data along with the ab-initio calculations and X-ray diffraction of α-(methylsulfinyl)- and α-(phenylsulfinyl)-acetophenones indicated the predominance of the cis rotamers over the qauche ones.     

A Direct Spectrofloorimetric Method for the Determination of B-Naphthoxyacetic Acid Residues in Strawberries

Abstract

β-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA) residues in strawberries have been determined in acetone extracts using direct, first and second derivatives with spectrofluorimetric detection, without clean-up procedures needed. Solvent effects on the spectral characteristics of NOA solutions and their influences on the sensitivity of its variables and instrumental parameters are also studied. A detection limit of 1.14 ng/ml was achieved using the first derivative approach. Strawberries were fortified at different NOA concentrations (10 to 90 ng/ml). Recoveries averaged 87.2% (range 80.16–98.53) at the lower fortification level and 98.36% (range 97.54–99.63) for the higher fortification level.     

Chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with modified Pd/C catalyst

Selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes with modified Pd/C catalyst was developed.The reduction of C=O bond could be efficiently inhibited by the addition of carbonates,and high selectivity to the corresponding saturated aldehydes was achieved under mild conditions.This protocol provides an alternative for efficient preparation of saturated aldehydes.     

钒取代的杂多酸催化一锅四组分Dakin-West反应合成β-乙酰氨基酮(英文)

The multicomponent condensation of an aryl aldehyde,acetyl chloride,acetonitrile,and enolizable ketone as one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido ketones in high yields was investigated using commercial,non-corrosive,and environmentally benign Keggin and Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid catalysts.The best catalyst was H5PW10V2O40.The methodology used simple experimental conditions,and the short reaction times and high yields indicate it is a useful strategy for the large scale synthesis of β-acetamido ketones.