Deeply bound pionic states with the (Σ −,Λ) reaction

We study the reaction ^– +A + (A ^–) with the ^– bound in the nucleus, as a means of producing deeply bound pionic states in nuclei, so far unobserved. The reaction is similar to the (n, p) reaction but, because of the ^–, mass difference, it allows the reaction to occur with smaller momentum transfer, thus increasing the transition probability and reducing the effects of distortion. The ratios of signal to background are one to two orders of magnitude better than in the (n, p) reaction.We would like to thank C. Dover and G. Tamas who helped us to get a perspective of the present and future possibilities of this and other reactions.One of us, J. Nieves wishes to acknowledge a fellowship from the Ministerio de Educatión y Ciencia. This work is partially supported by the CICYT. All the calculations have been done in the Centro Informático de la Universidad de Valencia.     

From microscopic to macroscopic nuclear collective dynamics

We apply smoothing procedures to response functions for isoscalar vibrations. For collective motion, we find a transition from a structured strength distribution to one corresponding to one incoherent, strongly overdamped mode. It is argued that the latter may be interpreted as macroscopic motion exhibiting, to some extent, features of the hydrodynamical model. We discuss the physical origin of this behaviour, in particular its relation to the disappearance of shell structure.Supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

The effect of angular-momentum dissipation on fluctuations of excitation functions in heavy-ion collisions

We discuss here the effect of dissipation of relative angular momentum on fluctuations of excitation functions in dissipative heavy-ion collisions. Dissipation and fluctuation of relative angular momentum modify and smooth the time-angle localization of the rotating dinuclear system. The secondary maxima in the energy correlation function of the cross-section shift to smaller values of the energy difference, the shift depending on the relaxation time and the diffusion coefficient for angular-momentum dissipation. The results are illustrated for the collision²⁸Si(E _lab=130 MeV)+⁴⁸Ti.Partly supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation     

Hard form factors for meson-baryon strong couplings as derived from deep inelastic lepton scattering

As stimulated by earlier attempts for obtaining theNN andN form factors from the deep inelastic lepton scattering data, we extend the analysis by taking into account effects of additional mesons including, , ,K, andK ^*, with the coupling constants fixed by the lowenergy nucleon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon scattering data. Contrary to an earlier claim that the NN andN form factor must be very soft (e.g., with the cutoff mass less than 500 MeV in the monopole form), we find, for example, that with all form factors parametrized in the dipole form, a universal cutoff mass of 1150 MeV in the/N sector and 1400 MeV in the/ sector yields predictions in excellent agreement with recently published neutrino data on the momentum fractions carried by thes, , and¯d quarks, as well as consistent with the sea-to-valence ratio extracted from the CDHS data and the Femilab E615 experiment. Similar results can also be obtained by using exponential cutoffs for all couplings, or by using monopole forms for some vertices while retaining dipole forms for the rest. The success of the mesonexchange picture in generating the strangeness content in a proton suggests an alternative understanding of the origin of sea quarks in the proton.We wish to thank G. Garvey, K. Holinde, L.-C. Liu, M. B. Johnson, M. Strikman, A. W. Thomas and Jochen Wambach for helpful conversations. W-Y. P. Hwang wishes to acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a fellowship to visit Jülich for conducting research. His research works was also supported in part by the National Science Council of the Republic of China. The work of G. E. Brown is supported in part by a Humboldt award, in part by NATO Grant RG85/0093, and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy.     

Dynamical and thermal aspects of relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Within a covariant BUU-approach we simulate heavyion collisions at various bombarding energies from 400 MeV/u to 1 GeV/u. We evaluate locally the energymomentum tensorT ^v (x), and extract pressures, energydensities and temperatures. The connection of these thermodynamical quantities to experimental observables and their sensitivity to the equation of state is discussed. Furthermore, we investigate the question of local equilibration and evaluate the entropy produced in these reactions.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. P. Kienle on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Work supported by BMFT and GSI Darmstadt     

Bloch-Messiah theorem at finite temperature

The Bloch-Messiah theorem is extended to the thermal Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (THFB) theory by making use of the thermo field dynamics. This enables us to define the correct order parameter describing the superconducting phase at finite temperature, and demonstrates consistency of the THFB formalism.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H.J. Mang on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Updating the effective range expansion of low-energyN \bar N-scattering

Low energyN¯N scattering is reanalyzed using the new data on annihilation cross-sections from CERN [1], the¯np-absorption measurement from BNL [2] and the annihilation width of the 2p state in antiprotonic hydrogen [3]. Imposing the condition that the imaginary part of the effective range is negative we find low energy scattering parameters which interpolate between the existing ITEP [4] and CERN/Heidelberg [5] values.Supported by the BMFT-grant 06 HD 756     

On the topology of compact smooth three-dimensional Levi-flat hypersurfaces

We study topological conditions that must be satisfied by a compactC ^∞ Levi-flat hypersurface in a two-dimensional complex manifold, as well as related questions about the holonomy of Levi-flat hypersurfaces. As a consequence of our work, we show that no two-dimensional complex manifold admits a subdomain Ω with compact nonemptyC ^∞ boundary such that Ω ? ?².     

Chern forms,chern numbers and curvature conditions on a Kähler-Einstein surface

In this paper we considered curvature conditions on a Kähler-Einstein surface of general type. In particular we showed that it has negative holomorphic sectional curvature if theL ²-norm of (3C ₂ ?C ₁ ² )/C ₁ ² is sufficiently small, whereC ₁ andC ₂ are the first and second Chern classes of the surfaces. This generalizes a result of Yau on the uniformization of Kähler-Einstein surfaces of general type and with 3C ₂ ?C ₁ ² = 0. Also in the process, we obtain a necessary condition in terms of an inequality between Chern numbers for a Kähler-Einstein metric to have negative holomorphic sectional curvature.     

Retaining and recovering enzyme activity during degradation of TCE by methanotrophs

To determine if compounds added during trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation could reduce the loss of enzyme activity or increase enzyme recovery, different compounds serving as energy and carbon sources, pH buffers, or free radical scavengers were tested. Formate and formic acid (reducing power and a carbon source), as well as ascorbic acid and citric acid (free radical scavengers) were added during TCE degradation at a concentration of 2 mM. A saturated solution of calcium carbonate was also tested to address pH concerns. In the presence of formate and methane, only calcium carbonate and formic acid had a beneficial effect on enzyme recovery. The calcium carbonate and formic acid both reduced the loss of enzyme activity and resulted in the highest levels of enzyme activity after recovery.