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Those who have worked in the Royal Institution of Great Britain have, since its foundation in 1799, made significant contributions
to scientific knowledge, to its practical application, and to its communication to a wide variety of audiences. Such work
cannot be carried out in an architectural vacuum, and in this paper we examine how the buildings of the Royal Institution,
20 and 21 Albemarle Street in central London, have shaped the work undertaken within its walls and how, on a number of occasions,
the buildings have been reconfigured to take account of the evolving needs of scientific research and communication.
This paper is based on the Conservation Plan of the Royal Institution that we wrote during 2003. The Conservation Plan did
not examine the land owned by the Royal Institution to the north (i.e., 22 and 23 Albemarle Street; for this area see Richard Garnier, “Grafton Street, Mayfair,” Georgian Group Journal 13 (2003), 210–272), but it did discuss 18 and 19 Albemarle Street. In this paper we concentrate on the core Royal Institution
buildings at 20 and 21 Albemarle Street. Other studies of the relationship of architecture,space, and science include Crosbie
Smith and Jon Agar, ed., Making Space for Science: Territorial Themes in the Shaping of Knowledge (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997); Peter Galison and Emily Thompson, ed., The Architecture of Science (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999); and Sophie Forgan,“The architecture of science and the idea of a university,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 20 (1989), 405–434.
Frank A.J.L. James is Professor of the History of Science at the Royal Institution; he has written widely on the history of
nineteenth-century science in its social and cultural contexts and is editor of the Correspondence of Michael Faraday. He is President of the British Society for the History of Science. Anthony Peers is an Associate of Rodney Melville and
Partners where he works in the field of building conservation as an architectural historian. He is a Council member of the
Ancient Monument Society. 相似文献
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We analyze the role and influence of a tradition of research linked to the concept of
primary matter
in nineteenth-century studies on the nature of the elements.The suggestion of William Prout
(1785-1850) in 1816 that the atomic weights of pure chemical elements are whole numbers and
multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen, taken as unity, was met with serious confutations,which
in turn prompted several attempts to save Prouts hypothesis.We discuss these attempts in detail
and the objections raised against them, for instance by Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907).
We pay particular attention to the use of spectroscopy as a method for proving the existence of
elementary forms of matter inside atoms. Leaders in this field of research were two English scientists,
the astrophysicist Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) and the chemist William Crookes (1832-
1919). Both of their approaches involved the idea of primary matter. However, while Crookess
approach proved to be incorrect, Lockyers ideas survived for several years and supported the discovery
of the electron by J.J.Thomson (1856-1940). 相似文献
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John Greenberg 《Physics in Perspective (PIP)》2005,7(1):66-106
Nobel laureate William A. Fowler recalls his early education in physics; his part in the history of nuclear physics at the California Institute of Technology in the 1930s; parallel efforts elsewhere, particularly at Berkeley and the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism in Washington,D.C.; his contacts with J. Robert Oppenheimer; and his work with Charles C. Lauritsen and Tommy Lauritsen before and after World War II.John Greenberg received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin and was Caltech research fellow in history from 1980–1984. The Editors were saddened to learn that he died while this interview was in press. Requests for reprints may be directed to Judith R. Goodstein, Institute Archives 015A-74, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; e-mail: jrg@caltech.edu. 相似文献
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Minoru Hirano 《Journal of voice》1988,2(4):291-300
Behavior of the cricothyroid, lateral cricoarytenoid, vocalis, and interarytenoid muscles of William D. Vennard was electromyographically investigated. This article demonstrates electromyographic recordings that have not been published. Data presentation and discussion are focused on vocal registers, some phrases for voice training and warm-up, vowels, phonation modes, fundamental frequency control, the interarytenoid muscle, and some nonsinging behaviors 相似文献
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Brian R. Judd 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(2):408-411
A personal account is given of interaction with William T. Carnall during the period 1977-1988, when I made regular visits to the Argonne National Laboratory to discuss the theoretical background to the spectroscopic work he was carrying out on the lanthanides and actinides. 相似文献
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