In this study, stoichiometric protonation constants of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, L-tryptophane, L-lysine, and L-histidine, and
their methyl and ethyl esters in water and ethanol–water mixtures of 30, 50, and 70% ethanol (v/v), were determined potentiometrically
using a combined pH electrode system calibrated as the concentration of hydrogen ion. Titrations were performed at 25∘C and the ionic strength of the medium was maintained at 0.10 mol⋅L−1 using sodium chloride. Protonation constants were calculated by using the BEST computer program. The effect of solvent composition
on the protonation constants is discussed. The log10K2 values of esters generally decreased with increasing ethanol content. However, the log10K1 values of the esters of L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, and L-tryptophane were found to increase with increasing ethanol content
in contrast those of L-lysine and L-histidine esters. 相似文献
One of the difficulties frequently encountered when studying acid–base equilibria with NMR spectroscopy is the labile behaviour of the measured signal, which hinders the application of bilinear multivariate data analysis methods. In this work, a mathematical transformation is proposed for the conversion of NMR labile signals to inert signals, which make possible the application of multivariate data analysis methods, based on bilinear data models. The procedure has been applied to the analysis of NMR data corresponding to the acid–base equilibria of nucleotides dCMP and dGMP. Both hard-modelling (EQUISPEC) and soft-modelling (MCR-ALS) approaches have been applied for the analysis and resolution of transformed bilinear NMR data matrices. 相似文献
Semiempirical quantum chemical calculations at the level of AM1 (restricted Hartree–Fock) have been performed on a fullerene derivative, C54N4, theoretically obtained from C60 and its mono and diprotonated forms. All these structures are stable, but endothermic in nature. Some calculated geometrical and physicochemical properties of these have also been reported. 相似文献
Summary Fringelite D was synthesized from 1,3,6,8-tetramethoxyanthracen-9-olvia two different efficient routes. The first one involved demethylation and subsequent dimerization. The other one started with dimerization to yield octamethylfringelite D and subsequent demethylation. The starting material was prepared in four steps from commercially available educts, the key step being a benzamideortho-lithiation. The spectroscopic properties of fringelite D were measured and are discussed. The dissociation, deprotonation, and protonation equilibria of fringelite D were characterized by their respectivepK values in ground and excited states and compared with those of hypericin. Homo- and heteroassociation properties of fringelite D were found to be similar to those of hypericin.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von Fringelit D (1,3,4,6,8,10,11,13-Octahydroxy-phenanthro[1,10,9,8,o,p,q,r,a]perylen-7,14-dion)
Zusammenfassung Fringelit D wurde auf zwei effizienten Routen aus 1,3,6,8-Tetramethoxyanthracen-9-ol synthetisiert. Die erste umfaßt Demethylierung und anschließende Dimerisierung. Die andere beginnt mit der Dimerisierung zu Octamethylfringelit D und endet mit einer Demethylierung. Das Ausgangsmaterial wurde in vier Stufen aus kommerziell zugänglichen Edukten dargestellt; der Schlüsselschritt ist eineortho-Lithiierung eines Benzamids. Die spektroskopischen Eigenschaften von Fringelit D wurden gemessen und werden diskutiert. Die Dissoziations-, Deprotonierungs- und Protonierungsgleichgewichte wurden durch ihrepK-Werte in Grundzustand und angeregtem Zustand charakterisiert und mit jenen des Hypericins verglichen. Die Homo- und Hetero-assoziationseigenschaften von Fringelit D sind jenen des Hypericins ähnlich.
Some gauge invariant atomic orbitals-coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock (GIAO-CPHF) calculations were performed for seven indolizine derivatives and their monoprotonated forms. Chemical shift, molecular geometry, and charge distribution data are reported for each molecule. The calculations support the results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements showing that protonation occurs preferentially at N1. The good agreement between the calculated and observed 13C and 15N chemical shifts show that such calculations can be used for chemical shift assignment purposes. Cation structures and probable sites for electrophilic reaction or second protonation are also discussed. 相似文献
The diphosphate ester (ThDP) of thiamin (vitamin B1) is an important cofactor of enzymes within the carbohydrate metabolism. The initial reaction step shared by all ThDP-dependent enzymes is the deprotonation of the C2–H of the thiazolium ring. The replacement of the 4′-amino group by a hydroxyl one in the pyrimidine ring leads to the oxy-ThDP analogue which is known as an antagonist in thiamin catalysis.
Ab initio and DFT calculations on the MP2/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G* level were performed to study the proton relay function in thiamin and oxythiamin systems. Both MP2 and B3LYP calculations show significant differences of the reaction coordinate of the ylide formation in the systems. Tautomers, protonated and deprotonated species of both systems show different trends regarding their stability. The influence of correlation effects on the results is discussed by comparison with the HF-SCF/6-31G* data. Frequency calculations on the B3LYP/6-31G* level were performed to characterize the minima and transition state structures, respectively. 相似文献
The acid–base chemistry of some ruthenium ethyne-1,2-diyl complexes, [{Ru(CO)2(η-C5H4R)}2(μ2-CC)] (R=H, Me) has been investigated. Initial protonation of [{Ru(CO)2{η-C5H4R}}2(μ2-CC)] gave the unexpected complex cation, crystallised as the BF4 salt, [{Ru(CO)2(η-C5H4R}}3(μ3-CC)][BF4] (R=Me structurally characterised). This synthesis proved to be unreliable but subsequent, careful protonation experiments gave excellent yields of the protonated ethyne-1,2-diyl complexes, [{Ru(CO)2{η-C5H4R)}2(μ2-η1:η2-CCH)](BF4) (R=Me structurally characterised) which could be deprotonated in high yield to return the starting ethyne-1,2-diyl complexes. 相似文献
Acid-mediated glycosylations of endo- and exo-glycals have been carried out in good to excellent yields, in which a mixture of two products is often obtained resulting from Ferrier rearrangement and protonation. The former reaction exclusively takes place with the t-butyl carbonate or hydroxyl substituent at the C3 position of endo-glycals, while the latter mainly occurs in the glycosylation of exo-glycals with allyl benzyl ether or acetate. In addition to the substituent effect, protecting groups are critical to determine the activity and favored reaction pathway. Furthermore, the method is applicable to O-, C-, and N-nucleophiles. 相似文献