Thermal stability of grain boundaries in nanocrystalline Zn studied by positron lifetime spectroscopy

Nanocrystalline Zn prepared by compacting nanoparticles with mean grain size about 55 nm at 15 MPa has been studied by positron lifetime spectroscopy. For the bulk Zn sample, the vacancy defect is annealed out at about 350 °C, but for the nanocrystalline Zn sample, the vacancy cluster in grain boundaries is quite difficult to be annealed out even at very high temperature (410 °C). In the grain boundaries of nanocrystalline Zn, the small free volume defect (not larger than divacancy) is dominant according to the high relative intensity for the short positron lifetime (τ₁). The oxide (ZnO) inside the grain boundaries has been found having an effect to hinder the decrease of average positron lifetime (τ_av), which probably indicates that the oxide stabilizes the microstructure of the grain boundaries. This stabilization is very important for the nanocrystalline materials using as radiation resistant materials.     

Evolutionary Game Dynamics in a Fitness-Dependent Wright-FisherProcess with Noise

Evolutionary game dynamics in finite size populations can be described by a fitness-dependent Wright-Fisher process. We consider symmetric 2$\times $2 games in a well-mixed population. In our model, two parameters to describe the level of player's rationality and noise intensity in environment are introduced. In contrast with the fixation probability method that used in a noiseless case, the introducing of the noise intensity parameter makes the process an ergodic Markov process and based on the limit distribution of the process, we can analysis the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) of the games. We illustrate the effects of the two parameters on the ESS of games using the Prisoner's dilemma games (PDG) and the snowdrift games (SG). We also compare the ESS of our model with that of the replicator dynamics in infinite size populations. The results are determined by simulation experiments.     

Temperature dependence of the second threshold field for rubidium blue bronze Rb0.3MoO3

We have investigated the threshold properties of Rubidium blue bronze Rb_0.3MoO₃ under high dc electric field in a large temperature range 20-150 K. The second threshold fields have been observed at temperature up to 102.4 K, and have quasi-linear relationships with temperatures 20-45 K and 55-100 K, respectively. A novel crossover platform has been found firstly in the temperature dependence of the second threshold field E_T2 at about 45-55 K. The results indicate that the dynamical behavior of the second threshold effects may originate from different mechanisms. We suggest that the highly conducting state at 20-45 K and 55-100 K result from the undamped sliding motion of rigid CDW and current inhomogeneity, respectively.     

Surface resonant-states-enhanced acoustic wave tunneling in two-dimensional phononic crystals

We show that by placing a metal plate next to a two-dimensional phononic crystal, acoustic waves can tunnel through the combined structure at a specific frequency that lies inside the band gap of the phononic crystal. The enhanced transmission is attributed to the coupling of the input waves with the acoustically resonant states created between the metal plate and the phononic crystal. Experiments are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

Two-Player and Two-Strategy Symmetric Evolutionary Game with Fluctuations

Research on evolutionary games in a noisy environment is still a non-solved problem. By using Markov process, we build a dynamic model for two-player and two-strategy symmetric game in noisy environment. Some illustrative examples are presented and the results are determined by simulation experiments.     

High speed and wide temperature range uncooled 1.3-μm ridge waveguide DFB lasers

A 1.3-μm wavelength vertical-mesa ridge waveguide mulitple-quantum-well （MQW） distributed feedback （DFB） laser with high directly modulated bandwidth and wide operation temperature range is reported. With the optimization of the strained-layer MQWs in the active region, the surrounding graded-index separated-confinement-heterostructure waveguide layers, together with the optimization of the detuning and coupling coefficient of the DFB grating, high directly modulation bandwidth of 16 GHz at room temperature and wide working temperature range from -40 to 85 ℃ are obtained. The mean time to failure （MTTF） is estimated to be over 2×10^6 h. The device is suitable as light source of high-bit-rate optical transmitters with small size and reduced cost.     

微型宽波段光谱仪光学系统设计

针对国内基于M型Czerny-Turner结构的宽波段微型光谱仪研究较少的情况,对微型宽波段光谱仪进行了设计,并提出了完整的设计流程。根据几何光学原理,分析了光学系统各个参数之间的约束关系,据此设计、计算得到了光学系统的基本参数,并使用Zemax进行仿真。为了提高仪器的紫外响应,在CCD的前端增加了Lumogen镀膜的滤光片。实际制做的光谱仪测量结果表明:光谱仪的分辨率在200 nm~1100 nm全波段范围内达到1.5 nm,中心分辨率达到1 nm,满足设计需求。     

Slow positron beam study of corrosion-related defects in pure iron

Corrosion-related defects of pure iron were investigated by measuring Doppler broadening energy spectra (DBES) of positron annihilation and positron annihilation lifetime (PAL). Defect profiles of the S-parameter from DBES as a function of positron incident energy up to 30 keV (i.e. ∼1 μm depth) were analyzed. The DBES data show that S-parameter increases as a function of positron incident energy (mean depth) after corrosion, and the increase in the S-parameter is larger near the surface than in the bulk due to corrosion. Furthermore, information on defect size from PAL data as a function of positron incident energy up to 10 keV (i.e. ∼0.2 μm depth) was analyzed. In the two-state trapping model, the lifetime τ₂ = 500 ps is ascribed to annihilation of positrons in voids with a size of the order of nanometer. τ₁, which decreases with depth from the surface to the bulk, is ascribed to the annihilation of positrons in dislocations and three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The corroded samples show a significant increase in τ₁ and the intensity I₂, and near the surface the corroded iron introduces both voids and large-size three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The size of vacancy clusters decreases with depth.     

Phosphonate electrochemical recognition by molecularly imprinted deposited film

In this paper, thin films of titanium oxide imprinted with O,O-dimethyl-(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetoxyl)(3′-nitrobenyl) methinephosphonate (Phi-NO₂) were prepared via liquid phase deposition (LPD) method on a glassy carbon electrode. The imprinted molecular in the films was removed by treatment with immersion in CH₂Cl₂. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods were introduced to show the evidence of the molecular imprinting phenomenon. It was also found that the recognition ability of the sensor depended on the substituents associated with tridimensional structures of the nitro-compounds. Under the optimized condition, the sensor showed better sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility to the imprinted molecule and the linear relationship between the current and the concentration of analyte in the range of 0.1-50 μM was obtained. LPD proved to be a powerful method for imprinting titanium oxide thin sense films.