分光光度法测定黔江肾豆中Fe含量

采用邻菲罗啉分光光度法测定肾豆中铁含量,方法简单、快捷、准确。样品经过湿法V（HCl04）＋V（HN03）=4＋1消解预处理,探讨了最佳波长、温度、酸度、显色剂用量以及显色时间等对测定结果的影响,在最佳实验条件下测定肾豆中铁元素含量,为肾豆进一步的研究和利用提供一定的参考数据。     

Turning the V site in V@2D-BC3N2 complex to high curvature state for efficient CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are promising products for CO₂ electroreduction (CRR) while is impeded by the low selectivity. Turning the curvature of the active site is an effective strategy to change the adsorption properties and further regulate the product distribution and reactivity. Herein, we have designed a novel V single atom catalyst (SAC) based on rolled two-dimensional (2D) BC₃N₂ substrate with different curvatures. The results have demonstrated that increased curvature can enhance the adsorption strength of CRR intermediates, which follows different mechanisms for systems with low and high curvature. This character eventually leads to the deviation away from the scaling line between E_ad[CO]∼E_ad[COOH] based on transition metals for V@2D-BC₃N₂ systems. 3-3 system is screened as the optimal candidate for hydrocarbons production due to the enhanced binding ability of adsorbates, which can increase the reactivity for hydrocarbons production and hinder the production of H₂ and HCOOH simultaneously.     

Accelerated discovery of novel high-performance zinc-ion battery cathode materials by combining high-throughput screening and experiments

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their high safety, low cost, and decent electrochemical performance. However, the traditional electrodes development process requires tedious synthesis and testing procedures, which reduces the efficiency of developing high-performance battery devices. Here, we proposed a high-throughput screening strategy based on first-principles calculations to aid the experimental development of high-performance spinel cathode materials for AZIBs. We obtained 14 spinel materials from 12,047 Mn/Zn-O based materials by examining their structures and whether they satisfy the basic properties of electrodes. Then their band structures and density of states, open circuit voltage and volume expansion rate, ionic diffusion coefficient and energy barrier were further evaluated by first-principles calculations, resulting in five potential candidates. One of the promising candidates identified, Mg₂MnO₄, was experimentally synthesized, characterized and integrated into an AZIB based cell to verify its performance as a cathode. The Mg₂MnO₄ cathode exhibits excellent cycling stability, which is consistent with the theoretically predicted low volume expansion. Moreover, at high current density, the Mg₂MnO₄ cathode still exhibits high reversible capacity and excellent rate performance, indicating that it is an excellent cathode material for AZIBs. Our work provides a new approach to accelerate the development of high-performance cathodes for AZIBs and other ion batteries.     

Thermosensitive injectable hydrogel loaded with hypoxia-induced exosomes maintains chondrocyte phenotype through NDRG3-mediated hypoxic response

Current clinical treatments cannot effectively delay the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Consequently, joint replacement surgery is required for late-stage OA when patients cannot tolerate pain and joint dysfunction. Therefore, the prevention of OA progression in the early and middle stages is an urgent clinical problem. In a previous study, we demonstrated that NDRG3-mediated hypoxic response might be closely related to the development and progression of OA. In this study, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel was established by cross-linking Pluronic F-127 and hyaluronic acid (HA) for the sustained release of hypoxia-induced exosomes (HExos) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We demonstrated that for OA at the early and middle stages, the HExos-loaded HP hydrogel could maintain the chondrocyte phenotype by enhancing chondrocyte autophagy, reducing chondrocyte apoptosis, and promoting chondrocyte activity and proliferation through the NDRG3-mediated hypoxic response. This novel composite hydrogel, which could activate the NDRG3-mediated hypoxic response, may provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the treatment of early- and mid-stage OA.     

Rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria based on a universal dual-recognition FRET sensing system constructed with aptamer-quantum dots and lectin-gold nanoparticles

The threat to public health from bacterial infections has led to an urgent need to develop simpler, faster and more reliable bacterial detection methods. In this work, we developed a universal dual-recognition based sandwich fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor by using specific aptamer-modified quantum dots (Aptamer-QDs) as energy donor and lectin concanavalin A (Con A) modified gold nanoparticles (Con A-AuNPs) as energy acceptor to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) within 0.5 h. In the presence of the target E. coli, the energy donor of Aptamer-QDs and acceptor of Con A-AuNPs were close to each other, causing changes of FRET signals. Based on the constructed FRET sensor, a linear detection range of from 10² cfu/mL to 2 × 10⁸ cfu/mL with the detection limit of 45 cfu/mL for E. coli was achieved. Furthermore, the FRET sensor was applied to detect E. coli in the milk and orange juice with the detection limit of 300 cfu/mL and 200 cfu/mL, respectively and recovery rate from 83.1% to 112.5%. The strategy holds great promise in pathogenic bacteria detection due to its rapid and sensitivity.     

复杂外形静动态混合网格生成技术研究新进展

网格生成技术是CFD复杂工程应用的重要环节, 网格质量的好坏直接影响计算结果的精准度, 因此其已成为CFD的重要研究领域.在张涵信院士的指导下, 作者自20世纪90年代初开始开展非结构网格、混合网格技术和相应的计算方法研究, 并逐步发展至动态混合网格技术及非定常计算方法.在张涵信院士80华诞之际, 对近年来作者及团队在网格生成技术及应用方面所取得的进展进行了简要的综述, 分别介绍了静动态混合网格生成、定常/非定常计算方法、网格技术的应用等方面的进展情况.最后, 就网格生成技术目前还存在的问题, 展望了未来的发展方向.作者谨以此文表达对张涵信院士25年来的培养、关怀和帮助的崇高敬意.      

材料强度对电磁驱动固体套筒内爆过程的影响

电磁驱动柱形固体套筒内爆加载技术是高能量密度物理实验研究的重要加载方式。由于固体金属具有一定的结合强度, 需外加载荷达到特定阈值才会发生塑性流动, 且在内爆过程中塑性做功会耗散部分电磁力做功而变成金属材料的内能, 进而对固体套筒的内爆过程产生影响。通过弹塑性力学平面轴对称问题的解, 给出了套筒发生塑性流动时外加电流（即屈服电流）与套筒参数的关系。利用考虑材料强度的零维不可压缩模型对铝套筒的内爆过程进行模拟, 并分别与简单零维模型和实验数据进行对比, 结果发现当电流峰值远大于（20倍于）屈服电流时, 金属材料强度的影响甚微;而当峰值电流只数倍于屈服电流时, 金属材料强度的影响便不能忽略。     

粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱运动目标跟踪算法

评估每个粒子的重要性是确保粒子滤波法跟踪目标准确性的重要因素。针对背景杂波和噪声干扰形成的大量虚警导致小弱目标跟踪识别的随机性和不确定性问题, 提出了一种基于粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱目标跟踪方法。该方法根据红外图像信号自适应构建分类超完备字典, 即反映目标信号特征的目标字典和表示背景杂波的背景字典, 有利于突出目标粒子和背景粒子在联合分类字典的稀疏表征差异程度;建立基于目标粒子和背景粒子稀疏重构残差差异性的粒子滤波观测模型, 采用随机估计法对字典子空间进行在线更新, 实现对目标状态估计与跟踪。理论分析和试验结果表明, 该方法增强了随机粒子的状态估计能力, 提升了粒子稀疏表征对小弱运动目标的适应能力和跟踪识别准确度。     

后墙拆分结构防护性能的实验和计算对比研究

为验证利用后墙拆分方式提升防护结构性能的可行性,通过开展数值模拟（铝弹丸直径6.0 mm,撞击速度5.0～8.3 km/s）和超高速撞击实验（铝弹丸直径6.0 mm,撞击速度约8.3 km/s）,研究了3种防护结构的性能差异以及不同撞击速度对结构防护性能的影响。防护结构主要包括Whipple结构和两种后墙拆分结构。针对直径6.0 mm铝弹丸分别以5.0、6.0、7.0、8.3 km/s的速度撞击防护结构的工况,借助Autodyn软件开展了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与在弹道靶设备上获得的超高速撞击实验结果进行了对比。模拟结果与实验结果均表明,在相同撞击状态下两种后墙拆分结构的防护性能有所差异,但均优于相同面密度的Whipple结构,且随着撞击速度的提高,这种优势具有增大的趋势。     

基于网格框架的非结构附面层网格生成技术

附面层网格质量是确保计算流体力学粘性计算精度的关键技术环节.本文针对复杂外形提出了全局一致的高质量附面层网格构造算法,该方法基于针对特征的表面网格区域分解技术,利用表面网格分片后的边界线及其法向量构造最终附面层网格的轮廓框架线,并通过径向基函数及线性插值算法生成完整的附面层网格.通过典型算例分析可以看出,该方法生成的非结构附面层网格精度和全局一致性较高,且能够有效避免复杂外形附面层网格局部及全局交叉现象.