Catalytic effect analysis of metallic additives on light crude oil by TG and DSC tests

This research aimed at the investigation of the effect of different metallic additive on the combustion and kinetic behavior of crude oil. For this purpose, the thermal behavior of the oil-only and oil–metallic salts mixtures were studies by the thermogravimetry (TG)/derivative thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on heating rate at 10 °C min^?1. The result shows that Dagang crude oil exhibited apparent low temperature oxidation (LTO), fuel deposition, and high temperature oxidation processes. With the addition of metallic salts, the LTO process has been shortened and samples added CuSO₄, CrCl₃·6H₂O, and AlCl₃·6H₂O achieved a much lower peak temperature than that of oil. Based on the Arrhenius model, metallic additives were proven to have obvious influence on the combustion activation energy. And, by comprehensive analysis of TG/DSC profile and activation energy, ZnSO₄ exhibited a positive influence on light crude oil combustion during the high pressure air injection process.     

ZSM-5高硅分子筛硅烷化疏水改性的研究

以甲苯为溶剂,正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(OTS)为改性剂,进行了ZSM-5高硅分子筛疏水改性研究。通过傅立叶红外(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-解吸附、静态水接触角、水与正己烷的静态吸附,以及水热稳定性试验等测试了改性前后样品结构与性能。结果表明,通过硅烷化改性在ZSM-5上接枝了-Si(CH2)7CH3基团,并实现了超疏水性。当0.8g ZSM-5使用0.24g改性剂时,改性后分子筛的接触角达152°,水吸附量下降了1.49%,比表面积、孔容、孔径分别减小了62.7m2/g、0.0329cm3/g、0.42nm,孔道长程有序性有所降低,且具有较高的水热稳定性。     

新型罗丹明型荧光探针的合成及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的识别性能

罗丹明B-酰肼和8-羟基-7-喹啉醛经缩合反应合成了一个新型的荧光探针(L),其结构经1H NMR,MS和元素分析表征。考察了L对金属离子的识别性能,结果表明:在乙腈溶液[V(MeCN)∶V(H2O)=19∶1,pH7.0]中,L可高选择性的识别Cu(Ⅱ)。Cu(Ⅱ)能诱导L内酰胺结构开环并形成1∶2型的配合物L-Cu(Ⅱ),这一过程是可逆的。     

Enhanced Environmental Degradation of Plastics

Intensive research in the last two decades on the degradation of commercial plastics has led to the development of new methods of degradation and innumerable experimental techniques to characterize the degraded products. During the period 1970–1980, there have been substantial advances in most of the important aspects of polymer degradation including that induced by heat, light, oxygen, high energy radiation, photooxidation, and biological factors; and accounts have been given at various times of the current position in most of these [1–30].     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with online preconcentration MEKC for the determination of some phenoxyacetic acids in drinking water

A fast and simple technique composed of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and online preconcentration MEKC with diode array detection was developed for the determination of four phenoxyacetic acids, 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,6‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid, in drinking water. The four phenoxyacetic acids were separated in reversed‐migration MEKC to the baseline. About 145‐fold increases in detection sensitivity were observed with online concentration strategy, compared with standard hydrodynamic injection (5 s at 25 mbar pressure). LODs ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 mg/L using only the online preconcentration procedures without any offline concentration of the extract. A DLLME procedure was used in combination with the proposed online preconcentration strategies, which achieved the determination of analytes at limits of quantification ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 μg/kg, which is far lower than the maximum residue limits established by China. The satisfactory recoveries obtained by DLMME spiked at two levels ranged from 67.2 to 99.4% with RSD <15%, making this proposed method suitable for the determination of phenoxyacetic acids in water samples.     

Wrinkling and Growth Mechanism of CuO Nanowires in Thermal Oxidation of Copper Foil

We report a systematic study on wrinkling and CuO nanowires （NWs） growth in the thermal oxidation of copper foil. Copper foils with thickness of 0.5 mm were thermally oxidized in air at 500℃ for 0.5-10 h. It is found that all the samples have wrinkles and the size of the wrinkles increases with the oxidation time increasing. CuO NWs can grow on both the sidehill and hilltop of wrinkle. The CuO NWs on sidehill are longer and denser than those on hilltop. The growth direction of the CuO NWs on sidehill is not vertical to the substrate but vertical to their growth surfaces. The process of wrinkling and CuO NWs growth can be divided into three stages： undulating, voiding, and cracking. The CuO NWs on both sidehill and hilltop grow at the undulating stage. However, only the CuO NWs on sidehill grow and those on hilltop stop growing at the voiding and cracking stages because of the void in hilltop. The local electric field in a wrinkle at undulating stage was calculated, and it is found that the difference of local electric field strengths between hilltop and sidehill is small, which indicates that the predominant driving force for the diffusion of Cu ion during CuO NWs growth is internal stress.     

罗曼紫复合试剂用于中药中汞残留的共振光散射光谱测定

光散射信号在药物颗粒分析检测中具有广泛应用.本文将其应用于中药中汞残留量测定.研究发现,-氨基酸与水合茚三酮(Ninhydrin)反应形成的罗曼紫(Ruhemann’s purple,RP)复合试剂在pH5.5醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中能和汞(Hg2+)形成配合物,溶液由蓝紫色变为粉红色,对应的光散射信号随着Hg2+浓度增大而增强.据此,本文在评价该复合试剂能应用于分析测定的基础上,建立了Hg2+的共振光散射测定法.340nm处光散射增强强度和8.0×107~6.0×105mol/L的Hg2+呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限(3)为6.2×108mol/L.用于养血安神片、云南白药粉末和逍遥丸三种中药制剂中残留汞的加标回收测定,回收率在95.7%~106.5%范围内,相对标准偏差小于3.94%.     

Adsorption behavior of uranium on polyvinyl alcohol-g-amidoxime: Physicochemical properties, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects

Amidoxime-based adsorbents are widely studied as the main adsorbent in the recovery of uranium from seawater.However,the adsorption rate and loading capacity of such adsorbents should be further improved due to the economic viability consideration.In this paper,polyvinyl alcohol functionalized with amidoxime(PVA-g-AO)has been prepared as a new adsorbent for uranium(Ⅵ)adsorption from aqueous solution.The physicochemical properties of PVA-g-AO were investigated using infrared spectroscopy(IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Results showed that the ligand monomers were successfully grafted onto the matrixes.The XRD and XPS analysis showed that uranium was adsorbed in metal ionic form rather than in crystal form.Uranyl(U(Ⅵ))adsorption properties onto PVA-g-AO were evaluated.The adsorption of U(Ⅵ)by PVA-g-AO was fast,with an equilibrium time of less than 50 min.Additionally the maximum adsorption capacity reached 42.84 mg/g at pH 4.0.     

Practical Approach for Synthesis of 2-Amino-benzoxazole in Water

A practical copper-catalyzed amination of benzoxazole with secondary amine in water has been developed. This reaction has proved to be effective to some cyclic amines, and the substituted group of nitrogen has a great impact on the amination reaction. A copper-catalyzed/ amine-induced ring opening of the benzoxazole and recyclization/oxidation mechanism was also proposed.     

Non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on a gold electrode modified with granular cuprous oxide nanowires

Granular nanowires with a diameter of about 60 nm were fabricated from cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) by an electrochemical method using anodic aluminium oxide as the template. A non-enzymatic sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was then developed on the basis of a gold electrode modified with Cu₂O nanowires and Nafion. The resulting sensor enables the determination of H₂O₂ with a sensitivity of 745 μA?mM^?1?cm^?2, over a wide linear range (0.25 μM to 5.0 mM), and with a low detection limit (0.12 μM). The results demonstrate that the use of such granular nanowires provides a promising tool for the design of non-enzymatic chemical sensors.