关于凝固点和凝固点降低

对水的凝固点、三相点、标准凝固点和正常凝固点概念及其图示进行了辨析。     

Orbital momentum distributions and binding energies for the complete valence shell of molecular chlorine by electron momentum spectroscopy

The complete valence shall binding energy spectrum (10–50 eV) of Cl₂ has been determined using electron momentum (binary (e,2e)) spectroscopy. The inner valence region, corresponding to 4σ_u and 4σ_g ionization, has been measured for the first time and shows extensive splitting of the ionization strength due to electron correlation effects. These measurements are compared with the results of many-body calculations using Green function and CI methods employing unpolarised as well as polarised wavefunctions. Momentum distributions, measured in both the outer and inner valence regions, are compared with calculations using a range of unpolarised and polarised wavefunctions. Computed orbital density maps in momentum and position space for oriented Cl₂ molecules are discussed in comparison with the measured and calculated spherically averaged momentum distributions.     

Low noise road surfaces

The results of measurements carried out at 22 main road sites surfaced with pervious bituminous materials have confirmed that the low levels of vehicle noise observed for these surfaces, when constructed under laboratory conditions and tested with single vehicle noise sources, were also achieved under normal road conditions and for random vehicles drawn from the traffic stream. The average reductions in vehicle noise obtained, when compared with conventional surfacings with the same skid resistance index, ΔBFC, were approximately 5 dB(A) for ‘light’ vehicles and 4 dB(A) for ‘heavy’ vehicles.The noise reductions obtained were not found to be dependent on the age and corresponding wear of the surface over the period 3–110 months, or to the skidding resistance of the surface, ΔBFC, over the range −22 to +23%.The results suggest that the low noise characteristics of pervious road surfaces are a result of the high acoustic absorption provided by these surfaces.     

Polyacrylamide networks. Kinetic and structural studies by high field 1H-NMR with polymerization in situ

The crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide (AA) and N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (BA) in aqueous solution at 22°C has been studied by H.R. ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The initial comonomer mixture was placed inside the NMR spectrometer probe head and the polymerization was followed for 10 hr. This procedure allows measurement of the instant composition of the residual comonomer mixture even during and after gelation and therefore to calculate the composition of the formed copolymer or network. When the reaction was finished, the structure of the most mobile part of the network was also analyzed.     

GDP vs. LDP: A Survey from the Perspective of Information-Theoretic Channel

The existing work has conducted in-depth research and analysis on global differential privacy (GDP) and local differential privacy (LDP) based on information theory. However, the data privacy preserving community does not systematically review and analyze GDP and LDP based on the information-theoretic channel model. To this end, we systematically reviewed GDP and LDP from the perspective of the information-theoretic channel in this survey. First, we presented the privacy threat model under information-theoretic channel. Second, we described and compared the information-theoretic channel models of GDP and LDP. Third, we summarized and analyzed definitions, privacy-utility metrics, properties, and mechanisms of GDP and LDP under their channel models. Finally, we discussed the open problems of GDP and LDP based on different types of information-theoretic channel models according to the above systematic review. Our main contribution provides a systematic survey of channel models, definitions, privacy-utility metrics, properties, and mechanisms for GDP and LDP from the perspective of information-theoretic channel and surveys the differential privacy synthetic data generation application using generative adversarial network and federated learning, respectively. Our work is helpful for systematically understanding the privacy threat model, definitions, privacy-utility metrics, properties, and mechanisms of GDP and LDP from the perspective of information-theoretic channel and promotes in-depth research and analysis of GDP and LDP based on different types of information-theoretic channel models.     

β-diketone interactions: Part 5. Solvent effects on the keto ⇋ enol equilibrium

The keto ⇋ enol equilibrium of pentane-2,4-dione (PD) has been measured in 21 solvents at infinite dilution and a linear free energy relationship (LFER) tested against four solvent polarity vectors: ϵ, E_T, π* and A + B. The best correlation coefficient is found for A + B. Similarly 3-methyl-pentane-2,4-dione (MePD) has been studied in 14 solvents and 3-ethylpentane-2,4-dione (EtPD) in six. The results suggest that the cyclic hydrogen bonding of the enol remains intact in all the solvents studied.     

Asymmetrische katalysen XXXVII. Komplexe mit freien donorgruppen als kokatalysatoren für enantioselektive hydrosilylierungen

Starting from multidentate optically active ligands, transition metal complexes containing uncoordinated donor groups were prepared and characterized. Complexes with a centre of chirality at the metal atom form pairs of diastereomers, the components of which can be enriched by fractional crystallisation. The application of the new complexes as cocatalysts in the enantioselective Rh-catalyzed hydrosilylation of acetophenone leads to α-phenylethanol with an optical purity of up to 25.9% ee.     

液面微幅波动的激光干涉测量

对于低频微幅的液面波动,提出了一种激光干涉测量方法.实验上观察到了清晰、稳定的激光干涉图样.干涉图样受到调制,光强在两边界位置达到极大,形成两个极亮条纹.干涉条纹被限制在两个极亮条纹之间的确定区域内.根据光干涉理论推导出了调制干涉条纹光强度、相邻条纹角宽度、干涉区域角宽度与液面波物理参量之间的解析关系,该理论分析与实验...