Novel 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives containing a hydrazide moiety: Design,synthesis and bioactive evaluation against phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo

A series of novel 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives bearing a hydrazide moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities against phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal bioassays indicated that the title compound 5b impressively displayed the obvious selectivity and specificity aganist Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) in vitro and in vivo. The above researches provide a significant reference for the further structural optimization of 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives bearing a hydrazide moiety as potential fungicides.     

Ultrasonic-assisted degradation of phenazopyridine with a combination of Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles and inorganic oxidants

Pure and samarium doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a sonochemical method and characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, Pl, and DRS techniques. The average crystallite size of pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was about 20 nm. The sonocatalytic activity of pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was considered toward degradation of phenazopyridine as a model organic contaminant. The Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles with Sm concentration of 0.4 mol% indicated a higher sonocatalytic activity (59%) than the pure ZnO (51%) and other Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles. It was believed that Sm³⁺ ion with optimal concentration (0.4 mol%) can act as superficial trapping for electrons in the conduction band of ZnO and delayed the recombination of charge carriers. The influence of the nature and concentration of various oxidants, including periodate, hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate, and peroxydisulfate on the sonocatalytic activity of Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was studied. The influence of the oxidants concentration (0.2–1.4 g L⁻¹) on the degradation rate was established by the 3D response surface and the 2D contour plots. The results demonstrated that the utilizing of oxidants in combination with Sm-doped ZnO resulting in rapid removal of contaminant, which can be referable to a dual role of oxidants; (i) scavenging the generated electrons in the conduction band of ZnO and (ii) creating highly reactive radical species under ultrasonic irradiation. It was found that the Sm-doped ZnO and periodate combination is the most efficient catalytic system under ultrasonic irradiation.     

Influence of ultrasound-assisted tumbling on NaCl transport and the quality of pork

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of ultrasound-assisted tumbling (UAT; 20 kHz, 100, 300, 500 and 700 W) with different treatment time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) on the diffusion and distribution of NaCl as well as the change of pork texture properties during curing. Results showed that in comparison with the single tumbling (ST), the NaCl content and the NaCl diffusion coefficient were increased along with UAT treatment (P < 0.05). The scanning electron microscopy and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that UAT treatment changed the microstructure of pork which may facilitate the NaCl dispersion homogeneously. In addition, the moderate UAT treatment of 300 W with 60 min could significantly improve the tumbling yield, water-holding capacity and textural properties of pork compared with the ST treatment (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, in comparison with the ST group, protein extraction was considerably increased after UAT (300 and 500 W) treated for 120 min (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that UAT treatment could effectively promote the penetration and distribution of NaCl and improve pork meat quality via facilitating the extraction of meat protein.     

Electrochemical synthesis of ferrate using boron doped diamond anodes

This work is focussed on the electrosynthesis of ferrates using boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes. Results show that this type of electrodes leads to efficient processes only limited by the availability of oxidizable-iron species. The hydroxyl ion concentration, the current density and the iron raw material were found to influence greatly on the results. Thus, the efficiencies of the process were increased using high current densities and high concentration of hydroxyl anions. Likewise, the use of an iron-powder bed (not directly on the surface of the diamond but separated by means of a very thin plastic mesh) as a raw material allows obtaining higher ferrates concentration than the use of solutions saturated with iron hydroxide.     

Combined ultrasound and germination treatment on the fine structure of highland barley starch

Highland barley is a grain crop grown in Tibet, China. This study investigated the structure of highland barley starch using ultrasound (40 kHz, 40 min, 165.5 W) and germination treatments (30℃ with 80% relative humidity). The macroscopic morphology and the barley's fine and molecular structure were evaluated. After sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination, a significant difference in moisture content and surface roughness was noted between highland barley and the other groups. All test groups showed an increased particle size distribution range with increasing germination time. FTIR results also indicated that after sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination, the absorption intensity of the intramolecular hydroxyl (–OH) group of starch increased, and hydrogen bonding was stronger compared to the untreated germinated sample. In addition, XRD analysis revealed that starch crystallinity increased following sequential ultrasound treatment and germination, but a-type of crystallinity remained after sonication. Further, the Mw of sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination at any time is higher than that of sequential germination and ultrasound. As a result of sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination, changes in the content of chain length of barley starch were consistent with germination alone. At the same time, the average degree of polymerisation (DP) fluctuated slightly. Lastly, the starch was modified during the sonication process, either prior to or following sonication. Pretreatment with ultrasound illustrated a more profound effect on barley starch than sequential germination and ultrasound treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that sequential ultrasound pretreatment and germination improve the fine structure of highland barley starch.     

Effects of ultrasound treatment on the morphological characteristics,structures and emulsifying properties of genipin cross-linked myofibrillar protein

Genipin is a natural crosslinker that improves the functional properties of proteins by modifying its structures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sonication on the emulsifying properties of different genipin concentration-induced myofibrillar protein (MP) cross-linking. The structural characteristics, solubility, emulsifying properties, and rheological properties of genipin-induced MP crosslinking without sonication (Native), sonication before crosslinking (UMP), and sonication after crosslinking (MPU) treatments were determined, and the interaction between genipin and MP were estimated by molecular docking. The results demonstrated that hydrogen bond might be the main forces for genipin binding to the MP, and 0.5 μM/mg genipin was a desirable concentration for protein cross-linking to improve MP emulsion stability. Ultrasound treatment before and after crosslinking were better than Native treatment to improve the emulsifying stability index (ESI) of MP. Among the three treatment groups at the 0.5 μM/mg genipin treatment, the MPU treatment group showed the smallest size, most uniform protein particle distribution, and the highest ESI (59.89%). Additionally, the highest α-helix (41.96%) in the MPU + G5 group may be conducive to the formation of a stable and multilayer oil–water interface. Furthermore, the free groups, solubility, and protein exposure extent of the MPU groups were higher than those of UMP and Native groups. Therefore, this work suggests that the treatment of cross-linking followed by ultrasound (MPU) could be a desirable approach for improving the emulsifying stability of MP.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of 5-(2-Methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one Derivatives

3-Methyl-5-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one(6) and N,N-diethyl-2-(2-methylbenzoyl)-hydrazinecarboxamide(7) were designed and synthesized from 5-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one(5) by substituting and ring-opening, respectively. The target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, MS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 6(C10H10N2O2, Mr = 190.20) crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P 1 with a = 7.4645(16), b = 10.868(2), c = 12.970(3) A, α= 110.542(2), β= 98.142(2), γ=99.766(2)°, V = 947.7(3) A3, Z = 4, F(000) = 400, Dc = 1.333 g/cm3, μ= 0.095 mm-1, the final R =0.0550 and wR = 0.1483 for 2956 observed reflections with I 2γ(I). Compound 7(C13H19N3O2, Mr= 249.31) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 18.926(3), b =12.1853(17), c = 14.740(2) o,(I) = 125.6380(10)°, V = 2762.7(7) A3, Z = 8, F(000) = 1072, Dc=1.199 g/cm3, μ= 0.083 mm-1, the final R = 0.0554 and w R = 0.1468 for 2395 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). The preliminary bioassay results indicate that compound 6 exhibits notable fungicidal activities against Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia cerealis and Colletotrichum capsici at the concentration of 100 μg/mL.     

Simulation of impact between rigid elements

The objective of this paper is to apply the concepts and theories of global impact based on a modern formulation in which the impact is considered with sliding, adherence or transition between sliding and adherence. The energy dissipated in the contact may be quantified by different definitions of the coefficient of restitution in Newton’s law and Poisson’s law. The method is applied to the impact between the damper (parabolic elements) and the platform of the blades in an airborne gas turbine. A numerical solution is calculated using a computer program constructed on the Matlab Platform.     

Diversity-oriented synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pimprinine derivative bearing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thioether moiety

Molecular Diversity - Based on the strategy of diversity-oriented synthesis and the structures of natural product pimprinine and streptochlorin, two series of novel pimprinine derivatives...