Safety margin criterion of nonlinear unbalance elastic axle system

IntroductionAtpresentanewanddevelopingsubject—chaoticdynamicsstartsabroadprospectforanalysisofnonlinearsystem[1～ 5 ].Largerotatingmachineryisatypicalnonlinearnon_autonomoussystem .Thesaferunofrotorsystemisofgreatsignificancetosociallifeandeconomicdevelopment.Thestabilityisthekeytosafeoperation .Thesafestabilityanalysisandcontrolforlargesystemisnotonlyamajorbasicresearchbutalsoisveryimportanttosolvethesafeproblemsinlifeandproduction[6 ,7].Soar,althoughmanymathematicians,mechanistsandengineer…     

负泊松比蜂窝材料的动力学响应及能量吸收特性

针对传统正方形蜂窝,通过用更小的双向内凹结构胞元替代原蜂窝材料的结构节点,得到了一种具有负泊松比特性的节点层级蜂窝材料模型。利用显式动力有限元方法,研究了冲击荷载作用下该负泊松比蜂窝结构的动力学响应及能量吸收特性。研究结果表明,除了冲击速度和相对密度,负泊松比蜂窝材料的动力学性能亦取决于胞元微结构。与正方形蜂窝相比,该负泊松比层级蜂窝材料的动态承载能力和能量吸收能力明显增强。在中低速冲击下,试件表现为拉胀材料明显的"颈缩"现象,并展示出负泊松比材料独特的平台应力增强效应。基于能量吸收效率方法和一维冲击波理论,给出了负泊松比蜂窝材料的密实应变和动态平台应力的经验公式,以预测该蜂窝材料的动态承载能力。本文的研究将为负泊松比多胞材料冲击动力学性能的多目标优化设计提供新的设计思路。     

连续损伤力学基临界奇异指数与破坏时间预测

响应量在临近破坏时呈现出临界幂律奇异性加速特征,是一种被广泛证实的灾变破坏前兆,并被火山、滑坡和岩石破坏实验等后验预测结果证实为一种对破坏时间进行短临期预测的可行方法.但是,奇异性指数测量值的较大分散性导致了对其具体取值的争议和预测效果的不确定性.因此,理解奇异性指数取值特征及其内在物理控制因素,成为了一个核心问题.本文基于连续介质损伤力学和材料时间相关失效特征,构建了刻画损伤加速发展通向破坏过程的力学模型.导出了恒名义应力蠕变加载和控制名义应力随时间线性增大两种典型加载方式下,损伤和应变率加速发展通向破坏的临界幂律奇异性前兆特征.阐明了临界幂律奇异性指数取值依赖于材料损伤与承受真应力之间的非线性关系这一内在物理根源,表明了实际测量中奇异性指数的分散性不完全归结于测量数据误差,而是有着内在物理控制因素.针对破坏前奇异性指数的不确定性,建议了在未知奇异性指数条件下预测破坏时间的方法,并基于花岗岩脆性蠕变破坏实验进行了验证和说明.      

Improvement of foaming ability of egg white product by irradiation and its application

To investigate the enhancement of foaming abilities of liquid egg white (LEW) and egg white powder (EWP) by irradiation and its application for bakery product, LEW and EWP were irradiated at 0, 1, 2, and 5 kGy by Co-60 gamma ray. There was no pH change found among treatments in both LEW and EWP. The viscosity of LEW decreased significantly by irradiation (P<0.05), whereas that of EWP was not affected by irradiation. The foaming ability of LEW and EWP was significantly increased by irradiation as a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The volume and the height of angel cake baked with irradiated LEW were significantly higher than those of unirradiated control (P<0.05). For EWP, the volume and the height of angel cake were greater at 2 kGy only than those of control. A significant decrease in hardness, chewiness, and gumminess values and an increase in Hunter L* value were observed in the angel cakes prepared from irradiated egg white products (P<0.05). Results indicated that irradiation of egg white could offer advantages in increasing foaming ability and improving quality of final bakery products.     

The rheology of strongly-flocculated suspensions

The rheology of strongly-flocculated dispersions of colloidal particles has been investigated at particle concentrations where a continuous network is formed rather than a collection of discrete flocs. Such networks are shown to possess a true yield stress in both shear and in uniaxial compression (as realised in a centrifuge). Properties measured as a function of particle concentration and particle size include the yield stresses in shear (σ_y) and compression (P_y); the limiting and strain-dependent, instantaneous shear moduli G_O and G(γ); the elastic recovery at finite strains, and the rate of centrifugally-driven compaction. The yield stresses and moduli appear to show a power-law dependence on particle concentration with G_O and P_y, having the same power-law index and σ_y a somewhat lower one. The data are in part consistent with predictions based on the idea that the networks have a heterogeneous structure comprising a collection of interconnected fractal aggregates. The behaviour as a function of particle size and concentration is however not completely scaleable as might be expected on this basis. Thus, whereas the shear yield stress could be scaled to remove its dependence on particle radius a and volume fraction φ (over the measured range 0.25 μm ⩽ a ⩽ 3.4 μm; 0.05 ⩽ φ ⩽ 0.25) as could the strain dependent modulus (0.25 ⩽ a ⩽ 1.3 μm; 0.08 ⩽ 0.25), the particle-size and concentration dependence of P_y and G_O could only be scaled for particles with radii between 0.16 and 0.5 μm, smaller and larger particles having different and much higher power-law index in respect of their concentration dependencies. In the case of the smaller particles the failure of the scaling is thought to be due to an anomaly since these particles distort significantly under the influence of the strong van der Waals forces and this causes the aggregates to be more compact then they otherwise would be. The reasons for the failure at larger sizes is not clear.     

Growth rate and some physiological features of Deleya halophila CCM 3662 at different salt concentrations

The growth rate of the type strain of the new, moderately halophilic species Deleya halophila (Deleya halophila CCM 3662) at different salt concentrations was determined and its optimal marine salt concentration for growth was established. Oxygen uptake and some cellular chemical composition characteristics of cells grown at their optimal salt concentration (7.5 % w/v) and at a higher concentration (15 % w/v) were compared, showing that both protein and carbohydrate intracellular contents decreased when the external medium salt concentration was increased, with the carbohydrate content reaching 50 % of the value presented by cells cultured at optimal salinity conditions. Oxygen uptake and poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid content were not significantly affected by changes in external salinity.     

基于特征区域下凸点提取的藻类荧光光谱波长选择方法

藻华现象的频繁发生严重影响了海洋环境和人类的生产活动,因此对水体浮游植物的监测十分重要。三维荧光光谱被广泛应用于水体浮游植物中藻类的群落组成分析和浓度定量分析,然而三维荧光光谱数据中的信息冗余给藻类定性定量分析带来了一定的影响。针对光谱信息冗余问题,提出了特征区域积分与凸点提取相结合的三维荧光光谱波长选择方法。以抑食金球藻、细长聚球藻、小球藻为研究对象,采用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑法对三维荧光光谱进行预处理,解决了因外界因素造成的光谱噪声问题,采用马氏距离法剔除三维荧光光谱数据集中的异常光谱样本,运用浓度残差法剔除三维荧光光谱数据集中的异常浓度值样本,然后通过偏最小二乘回归模型的内部交叉验证均方根误差衡量不同特征区域下凸点的可靠性进行波长变量的选择。为验证波长筛选方法的有效性,对三种藻类建立偏最小二乘回归模型,以内部交叉验证决定系数(R²)、内部交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)作为模型评价指标。与全光谱数据建立的回归模型进行了比较,抑食金球藻、小球藻、细长聚球藻的波长变量由全谱的1071个分别减少到77个、 75个、 67个,R²     

Vibrational study of (NH4)2HPO4 and (ND4)2DPO4 single crystals. The PO4 ion vibration couplings

The PO₄ internal vibrations have been studied by measuring the polarized infrared (IR) spectra at room temperature (RT) and at low temperature (LT=20K) as well as the polarized Raman (R) spectra. The i.r. dichroism in the (010) plane is investigated in a great range of angles α (0°<α<135°) of the electric vector E with respect to the crystallographic axic c. Some intra ion couplings are inferred. No factor group splitting is observed in the RT IR spectra. However, simultaneously regarding the LT IR spectra and the R spectra promotes an interchain coupling inside the primitive cell. Strong resonance coupling effects are found for the PO₄ stretching modes with the in-plane mode δOH(δOD).     

Proprietes electriques (permittivite et conductivite) de fluorotellurates. Partie I: Mise au point de l'appareillage et etude des fluorotellurates IV pyridinium et de methyl-3 pyridinium

A measurement cell for permittivity and electrical conductivity of fluoride pellets has been built and adapted to commercial apparatuses. Studies of pyridinium and methyl-3 pyridinium pentafluorotellurates IV have performed in the range 10-80°C for C₅H₅NHTeF₅ and 10-60°C for C₅H₄CH₃TeF₅.