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171.
《ournal of non Newtonian Fluid Mechanics》1987,24(2):183-202
The rheology of strongly-flocculated dispersions of colloidal particles has been investigated at particle concentrations where a continuous network is formed rather than a collection of discrete flocs. Such networks are shown to possess a true yield stress in both shear and in uniaxial compression (as realised in a centrifuge). Properties measured as a function of particle concentration and particle size include the yield stresses in shear (σy) and compression (Py); the limiting and strain-dependent, instantaneous shear moduli GO and G(γ); the elastic recovery at finite strains, and the rate of centrifugally-driven compaction. The yield stresses and moduli appear to show a power-law dependence on particle concentration with GO and Py, having the same power-law index and σy a somewhat lower one. The data are in part consistent with predictions based on the idea that the networks have a heterogeneous structure comprising a collection of interconnected fractal aggregates. The behaviour as a function of particle size and concentration is however not completely scaleable as might be expected on this basis. Thus, whereas the shear yield stress could be scaled to remove its dependence on particle radius a and volume fraction φ (over the measured range 0.25 μm ⩽ a ⩽ 3.4 μm; 0.05 ⩽ φ ⩽ 0.25) as could the strain dependent modulus (0.25 ⩽ a ⩽ 1.3 μm; 0.08 ⩽ 0.25), the particle-size and concentration dependence of Py and GO could only be scaled for particles with radii between 0.16 and 0.5 μm, smaller and larger particles having different and much higher power-law index in respect of their concentration dependencies. In the case of the smaller particles the failure of the scaling is thought to be due to an anomaly since these particles distort significantly under the influence of the strong van der Waals forces and this causes the aggregates to be more compact then they otherwise would be. The reasons for the failure at larger sizes is not clear. 相似文献
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《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》2009,78(3):217-221
To investigate the enhancement of foaming abilities of liquid egg white (LEW) and egg white powder (EWP) by irradiation and its application for bakery product, LEW and EWP were irradiated at 0, 1, 2, and 5 kGy by Co-60 gamma ray. There was no pH change found among treatments in both LEW and EWP. The viscosity of LEW decreased significantly by irradiation (P<0.05), whereas that of EWP was not affected by irradiation. The foaming ability of LEW and EWP was significantly increased by irradiation as a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The volume and the height of angel cake baked with irradiated LEW were significantly higher than those of unirradiated control (P<0.05). For EWP, the volume and the height of angel cake were greater at 2 kGy only than those of control. A significant decrease in hardness, chewiness, and gumminess values and an increase in Hunter L* value were observed in the angel cakes prepared from irradiated egg white products (P<0.05). Results indicated that irradiation of egg white could offer advantages in increasing foaming ability and improving quality of final bakery products. 相似文献
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pH 4.1的条件下,铜与洛美沙星、曙红反应生成三元络合物,使曙红溶液褪色并产生新的吸收峰,最大褪色峰谷波长位于508 nm,三元络合物吸收峰波长位于546 nm.利用吸收峰、谷的高度差,进行洛美沙星的测定,洛美沙星的质量浓度在0.7~3.8 mg/L范围内符合比耳定律.方法的表观摩尔吸光系数为5.47×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为0.46 mg/L.该方法用于HCl洛美沙星片剂样品中洛美沙星的测定,准确、灵敏、选择性好.对样品平行6次测定,相对标准偏差为0.42%~3.1%,回收率为92.6%~106.9%. 相似文献
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壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的合成 及其表面性质的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
合成了系列壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂(GNPQA), 用核磁、红外和元素分析对它们的结构进行了表征, 考察了反应条件对转化率的影响, 并用表面张力法和稳态荧光探针法对GNPQA的表面性能及胶束聚集数(N)进行了研究. 结果表明, 较优的反应条件: 反应时间为12 h, 反应温度为70 ℃, 反应原料摩尔比为n(双聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=1∶1∶1; GNPQA的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值较相应的单体壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚型季铵盐表面活性剂(NPQA)降低了1~2个数量级, 显示了较高的表面活性; 当GNPQA溶液浓度为5~9倍CMC时, N值随浓度增大而线性增大; 随着氧乙烯(EO)单元数的增长, GNPQA的CMC和N值均逐渐减小; 结合GNPQA的表面性能参数和N值的变化规律, 探讨了这类表面活性剂表面及胶束聚集体的结构形态. 相似文献
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以硝酸铜和硝酸铝为原料,草酸为铜离子的沉淀剂,半湿法制得前驱体,再于氮气气氛下热处理形成了铜铁矿结构的CuAlO2。对样品进行热失重(TG),X射线衍射(XRD),紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis-DR)及透射电镜(TEM)表征分析,探讨了CuAlO2的形成过程。结果显示,随着热处理温度的升高,含铜物质经历了由CuO、Cu2O到CuAl2O4,再到CuAlO2的变化历程;制得的CuAlO2晶体结晶完整性较好,直接禁带宽度为3.1 eV左右。用沉淀复合的方法制备出了n-p异质复合型光催化剂WO3-CuAlO2、TiO2-CuAlO2和ZnO-CuAlO2,对复合催化剂进行了XRD和TEM表征分析,并测试了复合催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,上述催化剂均由两种物相复合而成,且在紫外光的照射下均可分解纯水放出氢气。 相似文献