Simultaneous chromatic dispersion monitoring,extinction ratio enhancement and wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing

This paper presents a multi-functional all-optical device performs simultaneous chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring, extinction ratio (ER) improvement and tunable wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing (FWM) in a single piece of highly nonlinear optical fiber (HNLF). The multi-functional ability arises from the nonlinear power transfer function (PTF) between the input signal and the output idler wave, which not only maps the CD information of the signal onto the average power of idler wave, but also transfers the data information to the idler wave with ER enhancement, making the device compact and cost effective. Furthermore within the wavelength tuning range the monitoring sensitivity and output ER can be much higher compared to all optical monitors and regenerators proposed before. Numerical simulations are then used to demonstrate the efficiency of this method.     

低光泽度印刷色谱色貌数据组的建立与评价

色貌预测是现代颜色科学领域的基本理论和技术。为了评价低光泽度彩色印刷色谱的色貌,以丽印胶版纸印制的彩色印刷色谱为研究对象,根据颜色科学和心理物理学相关实验,建立其色貌参数样本数据组。采用相对系数R2和差异系数CV等数理统计方法,评价这种印刷色谱中Y-M内页在三种不同的照明光源下色貌的视觉评估结果。实验数据分析表明,在D65、A和TL84三种光源中,人眼在A光源下对颜色的识别能力明显不同于D65和TL84光源;同样在这三种光源中人眼对明度和色调的评估准确度最高,彩度最差。     

Electrodes with extremely high hydrogen overvoltages as substrate electrodes for stripping analysis based on bismuth-coated electrodes

Hydrogen evolution bothers stripping analysis significantly. Dioctyl phthalate-based carbon paste electrode exhibits extremely wide cathodic potential window. It is explored as a powerful substrate electrode to solve the problem of hydrogen evolution and further improve reproducibility for stripping analysis using bismuth-coated electrodes for the first time. It was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺. Linear responses are obtained for Zn²⁺ in the range of 10–100 μg L⁻¹ and for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in the range of 5–100 μg L⁻¹. The detection limits for Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ are 0.1 μg L⁻¹, 0.22 μg L⁻¹ and 0.44 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ in waste water samples. The detection strategy based on the combination of dioctyl phthalate-based carbon paste electrode and bismuth-coated electrodes holds great promise for stripping analysis.     

Kinetics of tetrabromobisphenol A pyrolysis. Comparison between correlation and mechanistic models

Brominated flame retardants are well recognized as being highly effective flame retardants. 4-4′-Isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol), commonly known as tetrabromobisphenol A, is the brominated flame retardant with the largest production volume and is used to improve fire safety, mainly of laminates in electrical and electronic equipment. A kinetic study of the pyrolysis of TBBA has been carried out to obtain decomposition parameters under different operating conditions and taking into account that TBBA is a compound with a high boiling point and that vaporization occurs simultaneously to decomposition. Dynamic runs and dynamic + isothermal run at different heating rates and using different masses of sample were correlated simultaneously. All TG runs were fitted with a unique set of kinetic parameters that is able to explain all the experiments. Moreover, a simplified detailed kinetic model has been developed and the kinetic parameters obtained satisfactorily reproduce the thermal decomposition of TBBA.     

An In Situ Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study of Propylene-Butene and Propylene-Ethylene Random Copolymers during Heating Process

Summary: The micro-structure evolution of isotactic polypropylene-1-butene (iPPBu) and polypropylene-ethylene (iPPEt) random copolymers with 4 mol% of 1-butene and ethylene was respectively investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques during heating process. The signal of melting enthalpy of iPPBu disappears a little earlier than that of iPPEt, which keeps consistent with the decay trend of scattering intensity during the late period of melting process. However, the SAXS data further show that the crystal thickness of iPPBu is a little larger than that of iPPEt during heating process. It is suggested that the melting behaviors of such copolymers depend on not only the lamellar thickness but also the crystal stability.     

乳化炸药密度对其压力减敏的影响

在相同的乳胶基质内分别添加2%、3%、4%、5%的空心玻璃微球,2%、3%、4%、5%的膨胀珍珠岩和0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%的化学发泡剂制备了3组乳化炸药。测试了各组乳化炸药未受压时和受冲击波动态压缩作用之后的水下爆炸冲击波,以波峰值计算他们的压力减敏度。比较了各组乳化炸药的压力减敏度大小,分析了密度对乳化炸药压力减敏的影响。结果表明:密度较大的乳化炸药压力减敏度较小,膨胀珍珠岩或化学发泡剂的添加量越大,乳化炸药越容易产生压力减敏作用;空心玻璃微球的添加量由2%增加到4%,乳化炸药的压力减敏度增加,但当空心玻璃微球的添加量由4%增加到5%后,乳化炸药的压力减敏度反而减小。密度对乳化炸药压力减敏影响的主要原因在于密度调整剂周围的乳胶基质破乳。     

木材正辛醇液化产物的红外光谱分析

溶剂溶解技术是生物质液化的重要过程之一。为了在温和条件下从生物质中生产高质量的液体燃料,有必要开发新型液化溶剂。而对液化产物的分析则是评价溶剂液化效果的主要途径。在不锈钢高压釜中进行杨木粉在酸化正辛醇中的液化反应,对液化产物先后用丙酮,正己烷萃取,得到液化残渣、重质油和轻质油。通过对液化残渣、重质油和轻质油的红外光谱分析考察了木材中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的液化规律和转化机理。结果表明,木材液化油品是复杂的混合物,含有羟基、羰基、甲氧基、芳基和醚类化合物。纤维素/半纤维素比木质素更容易液化。纤维素/半纤维素主要转化为轻质油,而木质素液化产物主要是重质油。在150 ℃木质素液化降解生成小分子芳烃,继续升高液化温度导致小分子芳烃重聚合。     

毛竹化学成分光谱分析的快速建模方法研究

研究了毛竹综纤维素和木质素含量近红外光谱定量分析方法的建立。选用不同竹龄、纵向和横向部位的54个竹材粉末样品,用湿化学方法测定其综纤维素和木质素含量。在综纤维素和木质素含量的分布范围内,从低值、中间值和高值中挑选11个代表性样品,11个样品按预定比例混合得到21个混合样品,混合样品的综纤维素和木质素含量计算得到,再挑选22个目标成分含量不同的样品组成54个样品的校正集。用偏最小二乘法分别建立样品综纤维素含量、木质素含量和近红外漫发射光谱之间的相关模型。结果表明,综纤维素含量的预测模型的相关系数(R_p)为0.92,标准偏差(SEP)为1.04％;木质素含量的预测模型的R_p为0.93,SEP为0.91％,与常规方法建立的模型预测精度相似。说明利用样品混合的方式可快速增加校正集样品的数量、改善校正集样品的分布状况,继而建立稳定可靠的近红外定量分析模型。     

基于小波变换的木材近红外光谱去噪研究

木材近红外光谱常常被一系列噪声所污染,影响光谱分析结果。为了提高近红外光谱分析精度,需要对光谱数据进行预处理。光谱导数可以消除光谱背景干扰和基线漂移等因素影响,提高光谱分辨率,但导数光谱在增强信号的同时,也使信号噪声得到增强。应用小波变换对杉木木材近红外一阶导数光谱进行去噪研究,分别采用9点平滑法、25点平滑法、非线性小波硬阈值和软阈值法、9点平滑+小波变换法和25点平滑+小波变换法对光谱数据进行去噪研究。结果显示, 小波变换能够有效去除导数光谱中的噪声信号,保留光谱中的有效信息,提高光谱信噪比,提高光谱的分析能力,在木材近红外光谱分析中具有很好的应用前景。     

Antiproton-Nucleus Scattering in a Hybrid Quark-Hadron Model

A hybrid quark-hadron model is used to describe high energy antiproton-nucleus scattering. The parameters for the quark regime are determined by fitting antiproton-proton elastic scattering data.